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Instrução: As questões de números 01 a 10 referem-se ao texto abaixo.
O cérebro e a idade
- A partir de certo momento na vida, geralmente após o aniversário de 40 anos, a grande
- questão neurológica se resume a uma pergunta: onde diabos foram parar todos os nomes que
- esquecemos? No início, desaparece o nome de uma atriz famosa. Depois, some o nome dos filmes
- que ela fez. Mais adiante, você não consegue achar, no mar de neurônios, o nome do famoso
- marido dela, muito menos o do outro ator, manjadíssimo, com quem ela contracenou em seu
- trabalho mais célebre. Você percebe que foi derrotado pela memória no almoço de domingo em
- que, diante da cara divertida de seus filhos, você tenta explicar: “Aquele filme, com aquela atriz
- australiana, casada com aquele outro ator...”.
- Essa, você já sabe – ou vai descobrir dentro de algumas décadas –, é a parte chata de um
- cérebro que bateu na meia-idade. Ela vem junto com muitas piadas e uma dose elevada de
- ansiedade em relação ao futuro. O que você não sabe, mas vai descobrir agora, é que existe outro
- lado, inteiramente positivo, das transformações cerebrais que o tempo _______. “Conforme
- envelhecemos, o cérebro se reorganiza e passa a agir e pensar de maneira diferente. Essa
- reestruturação nos torna mais inteligentes, calmos e felizes”, diz a americana Barbara Strauch,
- autora de O melhor cérebro da sua vida. O livro, recém-lançado no Brasil, reúne argumentos que
- fazem a ideia de envelhecer – sobretudo do ponto de vista intelectual – bem menos assustadora
- do que costuma ser.
- Barbara, que é editora de saúde do jornal The New York Times, um dos mais influentes dos
- Estados Unidos, resolveu investigar o que estava acontecendo com seu cérebro. Aos 56 anos,
- estava cansada de passar pela vergonha de encontrar um conhecido, lembrar o que haviam
- comido na última vez em que jantaram juntos, mas não ter a mínima ideia de como se chamava
- o cidadão. Queria entender a razão por que se pegava parada em frente a um armário sem saber
- o que tinha ido buscar. Ela não entendia como o mesmo cérebro que lhe causava lapsos de
- memória tão evidentes decidira, nos últimos tempos, presenteá-la com habilidades de raciocínio
- igualmente surpreendentes. Ela sentia que, simplesmente, “sabia das coisas”, mas, ao mesmo
- tempo, se exasperava com a quantidade imensa de nomes e referências que pareciam estar
- sumindo na neblina da memória. Como pode ser?
- É provável que essa mesma pergunta já tenha passado pela cabeça de muitos que
- chegaram aos 40 anos rumo às fronteiras da meia-idade, um período cada vez mais dilatado,
- ................. podemos passar um tempo enorme de nossa existência. Com o aumento da
- expectativa de vida, a fase intermediária da vida (entre os 40 e os 68 anos) tornou-se uma espécie
- de apogeu. Nesses anos é possível aliar o vigor restante da juventude .......... sabedoria da velhice
- que se insinua – desde que se saiba identificar, e abraçar, as mudanças que acometem o cérebro
- maduro. Este já não é o mesmo que costumava ser, mas as mudanças o transformaram num
- instrumento melhor.
- A nova ciência do envelhecimento, retratada por Barbara em seu livro, conseguiu decifrar
- o caráter das mudanças por ________ dessas percepções aparentemente contraditórias. Ou seja,
- se alguns neurônios podem ser danificados pelo tempo, há outros – até mesmo regiões inteiras
- do cérebro – que passam a funcionar melhor. “O raciocínio complexo, usado para analisar uma
- situação e encontrar soluções, é aprimorado”, diz o psiquiatra americano Gary Small, diretor do
- Centro de Envelhecimento da Universidade da Califórnia, em Los Angeles.
Fonte: http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,EMI245598-15257,00.html – texto especialmente adaptado para esta prova.
Assinale a alternativa que NÃO pode preencher corretamente as lacunas pontilhadas das linhas 30 e 32, respectivamente, pois desobedece à norma gramatical.
Instrução: As questões de números 01 a 10 referem-se ao texto abaixo.
O cérebro e a idade
- A partir de certo momento na vida, geralmente após o aniversário de 40 anos, a grande
- questão neurológica se resume a uma pergunta: onde diabos foram parar todos os nomes que
- esquecemos? No início, desaparece o nome de uma atriz famosa. Depois, some o nome dos filmes
- que ela fez. Mais adiante, você não consegue achar, no mar de neurônios, o nome do famoso
- marido dela, muito menos o do outro ator, manjadíssimo, com quem ela contracenou em seu
- trabalho mais célebre. Você percebe que foi derrotado pela memória no almoço de domingo em
- que, diante da cara divertida de seus filhos, você tenta explicar: “Aquele filme, com aquela atriz
- australiana, casada com aquele outro ator...”.
- Essa, você já sabe – ou vai descobrir dentro de algumas décadas –, é a parte chata de um
- cérebro que bateu na meia-idade. Ela vem junto com muitas piadas e uma dose elevada de
- ansiedade em relação ao futuro. O que você não sabe, mas vai descobrir agora, é que existe outro
- lado, inteiramente positivo, das transformações cerebrais que o tempo _______. “Conforme
- envelhecemos, o cérebro se reorganiza e passa a agir e pensar de maneira diferente. Essa
- reestruturação nos torna mais inteligentes, calmos e felizes”, diz a americana Barbara Strauch,
- autora de O melhor cérebro da sua vida. O livro, recém-lançado no Brasil, reúne argumentos que
- fazem a ideia de envelhecer – sobretudo do ponto de vista intelectual – bem menos assustadora
- do que costuma ser.
- Barbara, que é editora de saúde do jornal The New York Times, um dos mais influentes dos
- Estados Unidos, resolveu investigar o que estava acontecendo com seu cérebro. Aos 56 anos,
- estava cansada de passar pela vergonha de encontrar um conhecido, lembrar o que haviam
- comido na última vez em que jantaram juntos, mas não ter a mínima ideia de como se chamava
- o cidadão. Queria entender a razão por que se pegava parada em frente a um armário sem saber
- o que tinha ido buscar. Ela não entendia como o mesmo cérebro que lhe causava lapsos de
- memória tão evidentes decidira, nos últimos tempos, presenteá-la com habilidades de raciocínio
- igualmente surpreendentes. Ela sentia que, simplesmente, “sabia das coisas”, mas, ao mesmo
- tempo, se exasperava com a quantidade imensa de nomes e referências que pareciam estar
- sumindo na neblina da memória. Como pode ser?
- É provável que essa mesma pergunta já tenha passado pela cabeça de muitos que
- chegaram aos 40 anos rumo às fronteiras da meia-idade, um período cada vez mais dilatado,
- ................. podemos passar um tempo enorme de nossa existência. Com o aumento da
- expectativa de vida, a fase intermediária da vida (entre os 40 e os 68 anos) tornou-se uma espécie
- de apogeu. Nesses anos é possível aliar o vigor restante da juventude .......... sabedoria da velhice
- que se insinua – desde que se saiba identificar, e abraçar, as mudanças que acometem o cérebro
- maduro. Este já não é o mesmo que costumava ser, mas as mudanças o transformaram num
- instrumento melhor.
- A nova ciência do envelhecimento, retratada por Barbara em seu livro, conseguiu decifrar
- o caráter das mudanças por ________ dessas percepções aparentemente contraditórias. Ou seja,
- se alguns neurônios podem ser danificados pelo tempo, há outros – até mesmo regiões inteiras
- do cérebro – que passam a funcionar melhor. “O raciocínio complexo, usado para analisar uma
- situação e encontrar soluções, é aprimorado”, diz o psiquiatra americano Gary Small, diretor do
- Centro de Envelhecimento da Universidade da Califórnia, em Los Angeles.
Fonte: http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,EMI245598-15257,00.html – texto especialmente adaptado para esta prova.
Assinale a alternativa que preenche, correta e respectivamente, as lacunas tracejadas das linhas 12 e 37.
De acordo com a Portaria nº 344/1998, analise as assertivas abaixo sobre os medicamentos à base da substância fenilpropanolamina:
I. É permitida a compra e o uso do medicamento em estabelecimentos hospitalares devidamente cadastrados junto à Autoridade Sanitária para este fim.
II. Ficam sujeitos à venda sob prescrição médica, sem retenção de receita.
III. Fica proibida a comercialização e manipulação de todos os medicamentos que contenham seu princípio ativo ou em associações, nas formas farmacêuticas líquidas ou em xarope, para uso pediátrico.
Quais estão corretas?
De acordo com a Portaria nº 344/1998, são substâncias psicotrópicas sujeitas à notificação de receita B:
De acordo com a RDC nº 20/2011, a frase: "Venda sob prescrição médica – só pode ser vendido com retenção da receita" deve constar nas bulas e rótulos das embalagens dos seguintes medicamentos:
De acordo com a Resolução nº 67/2007, os critérios para a avaliação do cumprimento dos itens do Roteiro de Inspeção, visando à qualidade do medicamento manipulado, baseiam-se no risco potencial inerente a cada item. Dessa forma, considera-se aquele item que pode influir em grau menos crítico na qualidade, segurança e eficácia das preparações magistrais ou oficinais e na segurança dos trabalhadores em sua interação com os produtos e processos durante a manipulação como sendo:
De acordo com a Resolução nº 67/2007, o processo pelo qual se elimina, por meio de calor, a energia medicamentosa impregnada nos utensílios e embalagem primária para sua utilização, denominamos:
De acordo com a Resolução nº 67/2007, existe uma classificação para os grupos de atividades estabelecidos de acordo com a complexidade do processo de manipulação e das características dos insumos utilizados, para fins do atendimento aos critérios de Boas Práticas de Manipulação em Farmácias (BPMF), são eles:
I. Medicamentos a partir de insumos/matérias-primas, inclusive de origem vegetal e substâncias de baixo índice terapêutico.
II. Antibióticos, hormônios, citostáticos e substâncias sujeitas a controle especial e produtos estéreis.
III. Medicamentos homeopáticos e doses unitárias de medicamentos em serviços de saúde.
Quais estão corretas?
Em uma unidade de saúde da atenção básica, o atenolol 50 mg faltou por 6 dos 26 dias de funcionamento da farmácia. A unidade consome regularmente 195 unidades/mês. Qual seria a demanda não atendida?
De acordo com a Lei nº 5.991/1973, nos rótulos dos produtos aviados deve constar:
I. Nome e endereço do estabelecimento, o número da licença sanitária, o nome do responsável técnico e o número do seu registro no Conselho Regional de Farmácia.
II. Dizeres: "Uso Externo", "Uso Interno", "Agite quando Usar", "Uso Veterinário" e "Veneno".
III. Cores que identifiquem a escala de risco dos medicamentos.
Quais estão corretas?
De acordo com a Lei nº 5.991/1973, no que diz respeito ao controle sanitário do comércio de drogas, medicamentos, insumos farmacêuticos e correlatos, quanto à fiscalização, podemos afirmar que:
I. Apreenderá três unidades de cada produto em caso de irregularidade.
II. Uma das unidades será remetida para exame no órgão sanitário competente.
III. O termo de apreensão será assinado pelo agente fiscalizador e pelo responsável técnico pelo estabelecimento, ou seu substituto eventual, e, na ausência deste, por duas testemunhas.
Quais estão corretas?
De acordo com a Lei nº 5.991/1973, em relação ao controle sanitário do comércio de drogas, medicamentos, insumos farmacêuticos e correlatos, podemos afirmar que a dispensação de medicamentos é privativa da(o):
I. Farmácia.
II. Posto de medicamento.
III. Unidade volante.
Quais estão corretas?
Instruction: Answer questions 36 to 40 based on the following text.
Klingon to Dothraki: Invented languages gain popularity
- The idea of invented languages is not new. People have been trying to create new tongues
- for a long time. One of the most famous examples is Esperanto, created by Ludwik Zamenhof
- in 1887 which he hoped would become __ globally spoken unifying language. The fact that it
- is based on 16 very simple rules and took words from languages already present makes it very
- easy to learn. This was a conscious decision by Zamenhof who hoped that if everyone spoke
- one language, there would be fewer wars and conflicts.
- So far, none of the existing constructed languages has achieved a large number of
- speakers. Klingon, the invented language of Star Trek has around 20-30 speakers. Na’vi, the
- language created for the movie “Avatar” has one fluent speaker, 10 intermediate speakers,
- and over forty novices. Dothraki, which was crafted specifically for __ series Game of Thrones,
- boasts seven intermediate speakers and around a hundred novices. For now, Garadálava has
- exactly one speaker: Fynn Schlemminger himself.
- However Esperanto is a notable exception: it’s estimated that the language has around
- some 1,000 native speakers, and many parents teach it to their children. TV series, movies,
- books, and especially the Internet have given invented languages a chance like never before.
- According to the BBC, Esperanto, which was created almost exactly 100 years ago, is currently
- experiencing a boost, mostly thanks to the language learning app Duolingo, and a highly
- engaged online community. Wikipedia is also available in this language.
- With the amount of time and effort it takes to learn a new language, it is rather unlikely
- that __ invented tongue will achieve world domination in the same way English has. But it is
- clear that there is rising interest in creating new languages. “Yes, there might be more of them
- in the future, or more people will try their hand at it,” said Carpenter.
Fonte: adaptado de http://www.euronews.com/2018/04/25/from-klingon-to-dothraki-is-inventing-your-own-language-that-hard-
Analyse the following statements:
I. None of the created languages have a large ammount of speakers, being used only in movies and books.
II. Esperanto was created to be an universal language, meant to promote peace.
III. Despite the fact that created languages haven’t been globally speaken, in the future they will certainly replace English as the world dominant language.
Which ones are correct?
Instruction: Answer questions 36 to 40 based on the following text.
Klingon to Dothraki: Invented languages gain popularity
- The idea of invented languages is not new. People have been trying to create new tongues
- for a long time. One of the most famous examples is Esperanto, created by Ludwik Zamenhof
- in 1887 which he hoped would become __ globally spoken unifying language. The fact that it
- is based on 16 very simple rules and took words from languages already present makes it very
- easy to learn. This was a conscious decision by Zamenhof who hoped that if everyone spoke
- one language, there would be fewer wars and conflicts.
- So far, none of the existing constructed languages has achieved a large number of
- speakers. Klingon, the invented language of Star Trek has around 20-30 speakers. Na’vi, the
- language created for the movie “Avatar” has one fluent speaker, 10 intermediate speakers,
- and over forty novices. Dothraki, which was crafted specifically for __ series Game of Thrones,
- boasts seven intermediate speakers and around a hundred novices. For now, Garadálava has
- exactly one speaker: Fynn Schlemminger himself.
- However Esperanto is a notable exception: it’s estimated that the language has around
- some 1,000 native speakers, and many parents teach it to their children. TV series, movies,
- books, and especially the Internet have given invented languages a chance like never before.
- According to the BBC, Esperanto, which was created almost exactly 100 years ago, is currently
- experiencing a boost, mostly thanks to the language learning app Duolingo, and a highly
- engaged online community. Wikipedia is also available in this language.
- With the amount of time and effort it takes to learn a new language, it is rather unlikely
- that __ invented tongue will achieve world domination in the same way English has. But it is
- clear that there is rising interest in creating new languages. “Yes, there might be more of them
- in the future, or more people will try their hand at it,” said Carpenter.
Fonte: adaptado de http://www.euronews.com/2018/04/25/from-klingon-to-dothraki-is-inventing-your-own-language-that-hard-
Evaluate the following translations, considering its contex:
I. People have been trying to create new tongues (l. 01) – Pessoas vem criando novas línguas.
II. none of the existing constructed languages (l.07) – nenhuma das construções de linguagens existentes.
III. there might be more of them in the future (l.21-22) – podem haver mais deles no futuro.
Which ones are INCORRECT?
Instruction: Answer questions 36 to 40 based on the following text.
Klingon to Dothraki: Invented languages gain popularity
- The idea of invented languages is not new. People have been trying to create new tongues
- for a long time. One of the most famous examples is Esperanto, created by Ludwik Zamenhof
- in 1887 which he hoped would become __ globally spoken unifying language. The fact that it
- is based on 16 very simple rules and took words from languages already present makes it very
- easy to learn. This was a conscious decision by Zamenhof who hoped that if everyone spoke
- one language, there would be fewer wars and conflicts.
- So far, none of the existing constructed languages has achieved a large number of
- speakers. Klingon, the invented language of Star Trek has around 20-30 speakers. Na’vi, the
- language created for the movie “Avatar” has one fluent speaker, 10 intermediate speakers,
- and over forty novices. Dothraki, which was crafted specifically for __ series Game of Thrones,
- boasts seven intermediate speakers and around a hundred novices. For now, Garadálava has
- exactly one speaker: Fynn Schlemminger himself.
- However Esperanto is a notable exception: it’s estimated that the language has around
- some 1,000 native speakers, and many parents teach it to their children. TV series, movies,
- books, and especially the Internet have given invented languages a chance like never before.
- According to the BBC, Esperanto, which was created almost exactly 100 years ago, is currently
- experiencing a boost, mostly thanks to the language learning app Duolingo, and a highly
- engaged online community. Wikipedia is also available in this language.
- With the amount of time and effort it takes to learn a new language, it is rather unlikely
- that __ invented tongue will achieve world domination in the same way English has. But it is
- clear that there is rising interest in creating new languages. “Yes, there might be more of them
- in the future, or more people will try their hand at it,” said Carpenter.
Fonte: adaptado de http://www.euronews.com/2018/04/25/from-klingon-to-dothraki-is-inventing-your-own-language-that-hard-
Analyse the following statements:
I. ‘So far’ (l.07) could be replaced by Up to this time.
II. The expression ‘However’ (l.13) introduces a statement that contrast with what has been said.
III. ‘But’ (l.20) introduces an impossibility and could be replaced by Thus.
Which ones are INCORRECT?
Instruction: Answer questions 36 to 40 based on the following text.
Klingon to Dothraki: Invented languages gain popularity
- The idea of invented languages is not new. People have been trying to create new tongues
- for a long time. One of the most famous examples is Esperanto, created by Ludwik Zamenhof
- in 1887 which he hoped would become __ globally spoken unifying language. The fact that it
- is based on 16 very simple rules and took words from languages already present makes it very
- easy to learn. This was a conscious decision by Zamenhof who hoped that if everyone spoke
- one language, there would be fewer wars and conflicts.
- So far, none of the existing constructed languages has achieved a large number of
- speakers. Klingon, the invented language of Star Trek has around 20-30 speakers. Na’vi, the
- language created for the movie “Avatar” has one fluent speaker, 10 intermediate speakers,
- and over forty novices. Dothraki, which was crafted specifically for __ series Game of Thrones,
- boasts seven intermediate speakers and around a hundred novices. For now, Garadálava has
- exactly one speaker: Fynn Schlemminger himself.
- However Esperanto is a notable exception: it’s estimated that the language has around
- some 1,000 native speakers, and many parents teach it to their children. TV series, movies,
- books, and especially the Internet have given invented languages a chance like never before.
- According to the BBC, Esperanto, which was created almost exactly 100 years ago, is currently
- experiencing a boost, mostly thanks to the language learning app Duolingo, and a highly
- engaged online community. Wikipedia is also available in this language.
- With the amount of time and effort it takes to learn a new language, it is rather unlikely
- that __ invented tongue will achieve world domination in the same way English has. But it is
- clear that there is rising interest in creating new languages. “Yes, there might be more of them
- in the future, or more people will try their hand at it,” said Carpenter.
Fonte: adaptado de http://www.euronews.com/2018/04/25/from-klingon-to-dothraki-is-inventing-your-own-language-that-hard-
Consider the pair of words below, then judge if they are synonyms (S) or not (N) according to the context of occurrence.
( ) ‘conscious’ (l.05) – deliberate.
( ) ‘notable’ (l.13) – remarkable.
( ) ‘rather’ (l.19) – absolutely.
The correct order of filling in the parenthesis, from the top to the bottom, is:
Instruction: Answer questions 36 to 40 based on the following text.
Klingon to Dothraki: Invented languages gain popularity
- The idea of invented languages is not new. People have been trying to create new tongues
- for a long time. One of the most famous examples is Esperanto, created by Ludwik Zamenhof
- in 1887 which he hoped would become __ globally spoken unifying language. The fact that it
- is based on 16 very simple rules and took words from languages already present makes it very
- easy to learn. This was a conscious decision by Zamenhof who hoped that if everyone spoke
- one language, there would be fewer wars and conflicts.
- So far, none of the existing constructed languages has achieved a large number of
- speakers. Klingon, the invented language of Star Trek has around 20-30 speakers. Na’vi, the
- language created for the movie “Avatar” has one fluent speaker, 10 intermediate speakers,
- and over forty novices. Dothraki, which was crafted specifically for __ series Game of Thrones,
- boasts seven intermediate speakers and around a hundred novices. For now, Garadálava has
- exactly one speaker: Fynn Schlemminger himself.
- However Esperanto is a notable exception: it’s estimated that the language has around
- some 1,000 native speakers, and many parents teach it to their children. TV series, movies,
- books, and especially the Internet have given invented languages a chance like never before.
- According to the BBC, Esperanto, which was created almost exactly 100 years ago, is currently
- experiencing a boost, mostly thanks to the language learning app Duolingo, and a highly
- engaged online community. Wikipedia is also available in this language.
- With the amount of time and effort it takes to learn a new language, it is rather unlikely
- that __ invented tongue will achieve world domination in the same way English has. But it is
- clear that there is rising interest in creating new languages. “Yes, there might be more of them
- in the future, or more people will try their hand at it,” said Carpenter.
Fonte: adaptado de http://www.euronews.com/2018/04/25/from-klingon-to-dothraki-is-inventing-your-own-language-that-hard-
Consider the following statements:
I. ‘an’ correctly fills in the blank of line 03.
II. In order to correctly fill in the blank of line 10, it should be used ‘a’.
III. In line 20, the blank should be filled with ‘the’.
Which ones are INCORRECT?
Instruction: Answer questions 31 to 35 based on the following text.
German student invents own language
- Fynn Schlemminger _____ exactly what he wanted to do for his A-levels special project:
- create a language from scratch. And that’s exactly what he did. The invented language is
- called Garadálava, and, according to its creator, it is unique. “The premise of creating
- Garadálava was to make it unlike any spoken language. I came up with a phonology people
- usually interpret as harsh or pointed, featuring some guttural sounds and a very unmelodious
- tone,” he explained.
- All languages are, to a point, constructed because they went through corrections and
- reforms over time. However, there is one main difference according to a professor of linguistics
- at Wellesley College. Angela Carpenter, who has been teaching a course on invented languages
- since 2010, said the main difference is that “an invented language originates in someone's
- mind and is developed and expanded upon mostly by that person. A natural language ______
- within a speech community, usually from another language, dialect or creole, over a period of
- time.”
- When Schlemminger began working on Garadálava, he started with a sketch, an idea of
- how the language should sound and feel like.
- “You begin with the more superficial things, the shape of the language so to speak, some
- basic words, a sound inventory, sentence order. After that you simply go into more detail and
- mostly rotate between making up words and grammar rules, until you are done,” he said to
- Euronews. To him, the experience of creating a language was not unlike making a sculpture,
- creating a work of art.
- “Inventing a language is a very creative process that also requires knowledge of linguistic
- structures to make it a viable language. Having to create your own language really ______
- you to understand linguistic structure and the complex nature of language communication,”
- explained Carpenter.
Fonte: adaptado de http://www.euronews.com/2018/04/25/from-klingon-to-dothraki-is-inventing-your-own-language-that-hard-
Consider the following statements about the text:
I. Garadávala is a language widely spoken in Germany.
II. Opposed to invented languages, natural languages are not part of a construction.
III. In order to invent a language, one must be both creative and have a good understanding of language structure.
Which ones are in agreement with the text?
Instruction: Answer questions 31 to 35 based on the following text.
German student invents own language
- Fynn Schlemminger _____ exactly what he wanted to do for his A-levels special project:
- create a language from scratch. And that’s exactly what he did. The invented language is
- called Garadálava, and, according to its creator, it is unique. “The premise of creating
- Garadálava was to make it unlike any spoken language. I came up with a phonology people
- usually interpret as harsh or pointed, featuring some guttural sounds and a very unmelodious
- tone,” he explained.
- All languages are, to a point, constructed because they went through corrections and
- reforms over time. However, there is one main difference according to a professor of linguistics
- at Wellesley College. Angela Carpenter, who has been teaching a course on invented languages
- since 2010, said the main difference is that “an invented language originates in someone's
- mind and is developed and expanded upon mostly by that person. A natural language ______
- within a speech community, usually from another language, dialect or creole, over a period of
- time.”
- When Schlemminger began working on Garadálava, he started with a sketch, an idea of
- how the language should sound and feel like.
- “You begin with the more superficial things, the shape of the language so to speak, some
- basic words, a sound inventory, sentence order. After that you simply go into more detail and
- mostly rotate between making up words and grammar rules, until you are done,” he said to
- Euronews. To him, the experience of creating a language was not unlike making a sculpture,
- creating a work of art.
- “Inventing a language is a very creative process that also requires knowledge of linguistic
- structures to make it a viable language. Having to create your own language really ______
- you to understand linguistic structure and the complex nature of language communication,”
- explained Carpenter.
Fonte: adaptado de http://www.euronews.com/2018/04/25/from-klingon-to-dothraki-is-inventing-your-own-language-that-hard-
Analyse the following statements about word formation.
I. ‘unmelodious’ (l.05) and ‘viable’ (l.22) are formed by suffixation.
II. Both ‘mostly’ (l.11) and ‘simply’ (l.17) are formed by only adding the suffix –ly.
III. The suffix –ly only forms adverbs.
Which ones are INCORRECT?
Instruction: Answer questions 31 to 35 based on the following text.
German student invents own language
- Fynn Schlemminger _____ exactly what he wanted to do for his A-levels special project:
- create a language from scratch. And that’s exactly what he did. The invented language is
- called Garadálava, and, according to its creator, it is unique. “The premise of creating
- Garadálava was to make it unlike any spoken language. I came up with a phonology people
- usually interpret as harsh or pointed, featuring some guttural sounds and a very unmelodious
- tone,” he explained.
- All languages are, to a point, constructed because they went through corrections and
- reforms over time. However, there is one main difference according to a professor of linguistics
- at Wellesley College. Angela Carpenter, who has been teaching a course on invented languages
- since 2010, said the main difference is that “an invented language originates in someone's
- mind and is developed and expanded upon mostly by that person. A natural language ______
- within a speech community, usually from another language, dialect or creole, over a period of
- time.”
- When Schlemminger began working on Garadálava, he started with a sketch, an idea of
- how the language should sound and feel like.
- “You begin with the more superficial things, the shape of the language so to speak, some
- basic words, a sound inventory, sentence order. After that you simply go into more detail and
- mostly rotate between making up words and grammar rules, until you are done,” he said to
- Euronews. To him, the experience of creating a language was not unlike making a sculpture,
- creating a work of art.
- “Inventing a language is a very creative process that also requires knowledge of linguistic
- structures to make it a viable language. Having to create your own language really ______
- you to understand linguistic structure and the complex nature of language communication,”
- explained Carpenter.
Fonte: adaptado de http://www.euronews.com/2018/04/25/from-klingon-to-dothraki-is-inventing-your-own-language-that-hard-
Consider sentences from the text; then analyse the following statements:
I. A possible synonym of ‘harsh’ (l. 05) is ‘rough’, considering the context of the sentence.
II. Considering the context, ‘who has been teaching’ (l.09) should be translated to ‘que têm ensinado’.
III. Although it has a gerund form, ‘having’ (l.22) is classified as an adjective.
Which ones are correct?
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