Questões de Concurso Comentadas para professor - inglês

Literacy is the ability to read, write, speak and listen in a way that lets us communicate effectively and make sense of the world.  Lacking vital literacy skills holds a person back at every stage of their life .  As a child they won't be able to succeed at school, as a young adult they will be locked out  of the job market, and as a parent they won't be able to support their own child's learning. This intergenerational cycle  makes social mobility and a fairer society more difficult. 
People with low literacy skills may not be able to read a book or newspaper, understand road signs or price labels, make sense of a bus or train timetable, fill out a form, read instructions on medicines or use the internet. 
In England 16.4% of adults, or 7.1 million people, can be described as having 'very poor literacy skills.' They can understand short straightforward texts on familiar topics accurately and independently, and obtain information from everyday sources, but reading information from unfamiliar sources, or on unfamiliar topics, could cause problems. 
Many adults are reluctant to admit to their literacy difficulties and ask for help. One of the most important aspects of supporting adults with low literacy levels is to increase their self-esteem and persuade them of the benefits of improving their reading and writing. 
Low levels of literacy undermine the UK’s economic competitiveness, costing the taxpayer £2.5 billion every year (KPMG, 2009). A third of businesses are not satisfied with young people’s literacy skills when they enter the workforce and a similar number have organised remedial training for young recruits to improve their basic skills, including literacy and communication. 

Adapted from https://literacytrust.org.uk/information/what-is-literacy/ and https://literacytrust.org.uk/parents-and-families/adult-literacy/ Accesss on February 12th, 2019    In 'lacking vital literacy skills holds a person back at every stage of their life’, THEIR refers to 

Our Kids Don’t Belong in School By Bridget Samburg | Boston Magazine | September 2015

When Milva McDonald sent her oldest daughter to Newton public school kindergarten in 1990, she was disturbed by what she saw. The kids were being tracked, even at that young age. And then there were the endless hours the small children spent sitting at their desks. It felt unnatural. In the real world, you wouldn’t be stuck in a room with people all the same ages with one person directing them, she thought.
During that single year her daughter was in the school system, McDonald saw enough to convince her that she could do better on her own. That would be no small feat: Newton’s public schools have long been rated as among the best in the state (in our Greater Boston rankings this year, they’re 10th.). But she’d always worked part time—she’s now an online editor—and she was fortunate that she could maintain a flexible schedule. So she yanked her daughter out of school, and over the next two decades homeschooled all four of her children—including her youngest, Abigail Dickson, who’s now 16.
McDonald’s first homeschool rule was to throw out the book and let her children guide their learning, at their own pace. In lieu of a curriculum or published guides, McDonald improvised, taking advantage of the homeschooling village that had sprouted up around her. One mother ran a theater group, a dad ran a math group, and McDonald oversaw a creative-writing club. Their children took supplementary classes at the Harvard Extension School and Bunker Hill Community College. “I wanted them to be in charge of their own education and decide what they were interested in, and not have someone else telling them what to do and what they were good at,” she says.
And by any measure, it’s working. McDonald’s daughter Claire—the third of her four children to be homeschooled—will enter Harvard College as a freshman this fall.

Back in the ’90s, McDonald was considered a homeschooling pioneer; now she’s joined by a growing movement of parents who are abstaining from traditional schooling, not on religious grounds but because of another strong belief: that they can educate their kids better than the system can. Though far from mainstream (an estimated 2.2 million students are home-educated in the U.S.), secular homeschooling is trending up. Last year, 277 children were homeschooled in Boston, more than double the total from 2004; in Cambridge the number was 46. (In surrounding towns, the numbers are growing, too: During the 2013–2014 school year, Arlington had 55; Somerville, 36; Winthrop, 5; Brookline, 11; Natick, 36; Newton, 33; and Watertown, 24.)
There’s enough momentum that major cultural institutions—from the Franklin Park Zoo and the New England Aquarium to the Museum of Fine Arts and MIT’s Edgerton Center—now regularly offer classes for homeschoolers. Tellingly, even public school systems are becoming more accommodating. In Cambridge, for example, homeschoolers have the option to attend individual classes in the district’s schools. Some take math or science classes and participate in sports—last year, one homeschooler took music and piano lessons. Carolyn Turk, deputy superintendent for teaching and learning at Cambridge Public Schools, says she’s seeing more of this “hybrid” approach than in the past. “In Cambridge we look at homeschooling as a choice,” she says. “Cambridge is a city of choice.”

The Boston Public Schools, meanwhile, have begun to view homeschooling as one of the many laboratories in which it can explore new teaching methods. “These people are looking to do instructive, nontraditional education. It’s all different types of people from all incomes,” says Freddie Fuentes, the executive director of educational options for Boston Public Schools. Fuentes, who personally helps parents with academic plans, finds that many homeschooling parents want “very deep, expeditionary learning” for their children. “A lot of them are looking at innovative ways of learning,” he says. “We as a school system need to think about innovation and the cutting edge.”

In other words, homeschooling is arriving here in a very Boston-like way: It’s aspirational, intellectual, entrepreneurial, and innovative.

(http://www.bostonmagazine.com/news/article/2015/08/25/homeschooling-in-boston/)


According to the text, parents are opting for homeschooling because they think

Literacy is the ability to read, write, speak and listen in a way that lets us communicate effectively and make sense of the world.  Lacking vital literacy skills holds a person back at every stage of their life .  As a child they won't be able to succeed at school, as a young adult they will be locked out  of the job market, and as a parent they won't be able to support their own child's learning. This intergenerational cycle  makes social mobility and a fairer society more difficult. 
People with low literacy skills may not be able to read a book or newspaper, understand road signs or price labels, make sense of a bus or train timetable, fill out a form, read instructions on medicines or use the internet. 
In England 16.4% of adults, or 7.1 million people, can be described as having 'very poor literacy skills.' They can understand short straightforward texts on familiar topics accurately and independently, and obtain information from everyday sources, but reading information from unfamiliar sources, or on unfamiliar topics, could cause problems. 
Many adults are reluctant to admit to their literacy difficulties and ask for help. One of the most important aspects of supporting adults with low literacy levels is to increase their self-esteem and persuade them of the benefits of improving their reading and writing. 
Low levels of literacy undermine the UK’s economic competitiveness, costing the taxpayer £2.5 billion every year (KPMG, 2009). A third of businesses are not satisfied with young people’s literacy skills when they enter the workforce and a similar number have organised remedial training for young recruits to improve their basic skills, including literacy and communication. 

Adapted from https://literacytrust.org.uk/information/what-is-literacy/ and https://literacytrust.org.uk/parents-and-families/adult-literacy/ Accesss on February 12th, 2019 
The text states that people with low literacy skills 

“A crise na Venezuela, que neste início de 2019 vive a instalação de um governo paralelo ao do presidente eleito, vem ganhando contornos de tragédia há alguns anos”. (Fonte: bbc.com, de 24/01/2019). Qual o nome do vice-presidente que está na presidência da Venezuela desde 2013 e assumiu o cargo após a morte de Hugo Chávez?

Um adulto que não teve a oportunidade de realizar os estudos no ensino fundamental na idade própria procura por uma escola com a determinação de se matricular no curso de EJA – Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Entretanto não possui nenhum documento que ateste sua escolaridade anterior, embora tenha alguns conhecimentos por trabalhar na área de vendas. Neste caso, com base nas Diretrizes Operacionais para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos, Resolução CNE/CEB no 03/10, a escola deverá

Read the phrases below and observe the phrasal verbs:
I) We called around but we weren't able to find the medicine we needed.
II) I brought you a great wine to cheer you up.
III) If everyone chips in we can get the house painted by noon.
IV) Jackson always gets away with cheating in his tests.
Now, choose the alternative with the better translation to these sentences:

Em 1989 os alemães derrubaram o muro de Berlim, um dos fatos mais importantes do século XX.
Analise as afirmações abaixo a respeito desse acontecimento e assinale as verdadeiras.
1. Esse fato histórico (a queda do muro de Berlim) é considerado um dos marcos do fim da Guerra Fria.
2. Alguns meses após a queda do muro de Berlim ocorreu a reunificação da Alemanha. 

3. Entre as consequências desse acontecimento está o desaparecimento da República Federal da Alemanha. 
4. A Alemanha tinha sido dividida, durante o governo nazista, em dois países separados por um muro, cercas de arame farpado e casamatas, o chamado muro de Berlim.
Assinale a alternativa que indica todas as afirmações corretas.

Based on the Common National Curricular Base (BNCC), the English language teaching should

A organização que tem por objetivo estabelecer um marco institucional comum para regular as relações comerciais entre os diversos membros que a compõem, estabelecendo um mecanismo de solução pacífica das controvérsias comerciais, é denominada:  

De acordo com Libâneo (1984), são funções inseparáveis do ensino:
I. Organizar os conteúdos para a sua transmissão, de forma que os alunos possam ter uma relação subjetiva com eles.
II. Ajudar os alunos a conhecerem as suas potencialidades de aprender, orientar suas dificuldades, indicar métodos de estudo e atividades que os levem a aprender de forma autônoma e independente.
III. Dirigir e controlar a atividade docente para os objetivos da aprendizagem.
Quais estão corretas?

A look back across nearly a century of language teaching reveals a cyclical history. The “changing winds and shifting sands” of language teaching methods manifest a new paradigm every quarter of a century or so, with each new paradigm a break from the old but taking with it positive aspects of previous paradigms. These changing methodologies are very much theories in practice. Methods, however, are difficult to define. They manifest themselves in such varieties at times that the term approach may be more accurately descriptive of these general moods. An approach is a general and theoretical view of how language ought to be taught, while a method includes a developed procedure for teaching. The Audiolingual Method, for example, would be better termed an approach because there is such variation within the so-called method and because it is derived from a specific set of theoretical assumptions. We nevertheless refer often to a number of “methods”–since that is the traditional nomenclature–keeping in mind the fuzzy line of distinction between method and approach.
(Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, by Douglas Brown. Adapted)
The author defends the idea that

Conforme Melo (2008), os elementos que constituem o planejamento são:
I. Aprendizagem. 
II. Conteúdos. 
III. Métodos. 
IV. Avaliação.
Quais estão corretos?

A look back across nearly a century of language teaching reveals a cyclical history. The “changing winds and shifting sands” of language teaching methods manifest a new paradigm every quarter of a century or so, with each new paradigm a break from the old but taking with it positive aspects of previous paradigms. These changing methodologies are very much theories in practice. Methods, however, are difficult to define. They manifest themselves in such varieties at times that the term approach may be more accurately descriptive of these general moods. An approach is a general and theoretical view of how language ought to be taught, while a method includes a developed procedure for teaching. The Audiolingual Method, for example, would be better termed an approach because there is such variation within the so-called method and because it is derived from a specific set of theoretical assumptions. We nevertheless refer often to a number of “methods”–since that is the traditional nomenclature–keeping in mind the fuzzy line of distinction between method and approach.
(Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, by Douglas Brown. Adapted)
As regards textual organization, the sentence – The Audiolingual Method, for example, would be better termed an approach because there is such variation within the socalled method and because it is derived from a specific set of theoretical assumptions. – is used to ____________ the idea expressed in the previous one.

During the 1980s an alternative model of reading was proposed that puts together the two views, bottom-up and top-down. The result is called an “interactive” model of the process of reading. It stresses the interplay of all meaning-gathering activities which take place during reading. While the basic theoretical work has centered on native or first language readers, the interactive model has been adopted by many second language reading researchers as well.
Interactive theory acknowledges the role of previous knowledge and prediction, but at the same time, reaffirms the importance of rapid and accurate processing of the actual words of the text. According to the interactive model, the reading process works like this: First, clues to meaning are taken up from the page by the eye and transmitted to the brain. The brain then tries to match existing knowledge to the incoming data in order to facilitate the further processing of new information. On the basis of this previous experience, predictions are made about the content of the text, which, upon further sampling of the data, are either confirmed or revised. Essentially, then, the two processes, bottom-up and top-down, are complementary; one is not able to function properly without the other.
(Academic Reading and the ESL/EFL Teacher by Fraida Dubin and David Bycina, in Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language, Marianne Celce-Murcia, editor. Adapted.)
No que se refere ao conceito de tipologia textual, pode-se afirmar que o texto é

A look back across nearly a century of language teaching reveals a cyclical history. The “changing winds and shifting sands” of language teaching methods manifest a new paradigm every quarter of a century or so, with each new paradigm a break from the old but taking with it positive aspects of previous paradigms. These changing methodologies are very much theories in practice. Methods, however, are difficult to define. They manifest themselves in such varieties at times that the term approach may be more accurately descriptive of these general moods. An approach is a general and theoretical view of how language ought to be taught, while a method includes a developed procedure for teaching. The Audiolingual Method, for example, would be better termed an approach because there is such variation within the so-called method and because it is derived from a specific set of theoretical assumptions. We nevertheless refer often to a number of “methods”–since that is the traditional nomenclature–keeping in mind the fuzzy line of distinction between method and approach.
(Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, by Douglas Brown. Adapted)
In relation to the first two sentences of the text, one can say that

Nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, a proposta de organização do conhecimento está em consonância com o disposto no Artigo 26 da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases, a qual, em linhas gerais estabelece que:

De acordo com a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional vigente a verificação do rendimento escolar observará os seguintes critérios: 
1. Avaliação contínua e cumulativa do desempenho do aluno, com prevalência dos aspectos qualitativos sobre os quantitativos e dos resultados ao longo do período sobre os de eventuais provas finais. 
2. Impossibilidade de aceleração de estudos para alunos com atraso escolar.
3. Aproveitamento de estudos concluídos com êxito. 
4. Obrigatoriedade de estudos de recuperação, sempre paralelos ao período letivo, para os casos de baixo rendimento escolar, a serem disciplinados pelas instituições de ensino em seus regimentos.   Assinale a alternativa que indica todas as afirmativas corretas.

O município de Forquilhinha é conhecido por ser a terra natal de Zilda Arns, médica pediatra e sanitarista, mundialmente respeitada pelo trabalho realizado à frente da Pastoral da Criança que lhe rendeu três indicações ao Prêmio Nobel da Paz.  
Assinale a alternativa CORRETA que mostra qual foi o ano e o local de seu falecimento: