Questões de Concurso Para instituto rio branco

Diplomacy, the conduct of inter-state relations, is an old business, and has remained surprisingly constant across three millennia and five continents. Despite vast changes in its social and economic context, its goals and methods have remained strikingly similar over time, so as the shape of the character of the people active in it.   Perpetually, it has the same core activities: representation, negotiation, observation, reporting, analysis and policy advice. Its meat and drink is politics, trade promotion, economic relations, and consular protection. But nowadays, its scope has widened to cover the whole range of government business in a global society.   The diplomat operates in a field of tensions, between war and peace, depending on the relations between the sending and receiving state. He must be adaptable to both. Psychologically, he is always located somewhere along this spectrum, part man of peace, seeking a productive balance of interests, part man of power, seeking national advantage in the global struggle.   He is by nature ambiguous: a voyager between two worlds, an interpreter between alien cultures, a man who can see both points of view and find common ground. He is a front-line officer who risks being shot in the chest or in the back.
<http://www.diplomat21.com/diplomacy/necessity.htm> (with adaptations).
Based on textI, judge the following items.
Diplomacy can be a risky activity.

Diplomacy, the conduct of inter-state relations, is an old business, and has remained surprisingly constant across three millennia and five continents. Despite vast changes in its social and economic context, its goals and methods have remained strikingly similar over time, so as the shape of the character of the people active in it.   Perpetually, it has the same core activities: representation, negotiation, observation, reporting, analysis and policy advice. Its meat and drink is politics, trade promotion, economic relations, and consular protection. But nowadays, its scope has widened to cover the whole range of government business in a global society.   The diplomat operates in a field of tensions, between war and peace, depending on the relations between the sending and receiving state. He must be adaptable to both. Psychologically, he is always located somewhere along this spectrum, part man of peace, seeking a productive balance of interests, part man of power, seeking national advantage in the global struggle.   He is by nature ambiguous: a voyager between two worlds, an interpreter between alien cultures, a man who can see both points of view and find common ground. He is a front-line officer who risks being shot in the chest or in the back.
<http://www.diplomat21.com/diplomacy/necessity.htm> (with adaptations).
Based on textI, judge the following items.
Both as man of peace and as a man of power the diplomat has the same goals.

It has become clear that preventive diplomacy is only one of a class of actions that can be taken to prevent disputes from turning into armed conflict. Others in this class are preventive deployment of military and(or) police personnel; preventive humanitarian action, for example, to manage and resolve a refugee situation in a sensitive frontier area; and preventive peace-building, which itself comprises an extensive menu of possible actions in the political, economic and social fields, applicable especially to possible internal conflicts.   All these preventive actions share the following characteristics: they all depend on early warning that the risk of conflict exists; they require information about the causes and likely nature of the potential conflict so that the appropriate preventive action can be identified; and they require the consent of the party or parties within whose jurisdiction the preventive action is to take place.   The element of timing is crucial. The potential conflict should be ripe for the preventive action proposed. Timing is also an important consideration in peace-making and peace-keeping. The prevention, control and resolution of a conflict is like the prevention, control and cure of a disease. If treatment is prescribed at the wrong moment in the evolution of a disease, the patient does not improve, and the credibility of both the treatment and the physician who prescribed it is compromised. Internet:                   <http://www.un.org/Docs/SG/SG-Rpt/ch4b.htm> (with adaptations)
Based on text, it can be concluded that
in any case, the sooner preventive actions are implemented the better

It has become clear that preventive diplomacy is only one of a class of actions that can be taken to prevent disputes from turning into armed conflict. Others in this class are preventive deployment of military and(or) police personnel; preventive humanitarian action, for example, to manage and resolve a refugee situation in a sensitive frontier area; and preventive peace-building, which itself comprises an extensive menu of possible actions in the political, economic and social fields, applicable especially to possible internal conflicts.   All these preventive actions share the following characteristics: they all depend on early warning that the risk of conflict exists; they require information about the causes and likely nature of the potential conflict so that the appropriate preventive action can be identified; and they require the consent of the party or parties within whose jurisdiction the preventive action is to take place.   The element of timing is crucial. The potential conflict should be ripe for the preventive action proposed. Timing is also an important consideration in peace-making and peace-keeping. The prevention, control and resolution of a conflict is like the prevention, control and cure of a disease. If treatment is prescribed at the wrong moment in the evolution of a disease, the patient does not improve, and the credibility of both the treatment and the physician who prescribed it is compromised. Internet:                   <http://www.un.org/Docs/SG/SG-Rpt/ch4b.htm> (with adaptations)
Based on text, it can be concluded that
preventive diplomacy demands just two conditions to succeed. 

      ¡Qué descansada vida la del que huye del mundanal ruido, y sigue la escondida senda, por donde han ido los pocos sabios que en el mundo han sido!      Que no le enturbia el pecho de los soberbios grandes el estado, ni del dorado techo se admira, fabricado del sabio moro, en jaspes sustentado.       No cura si la fama canta con voz su nombre pregonera, ni cura si encarama la lengua lisonjera lo que condena la verdad sincera.      ¿Qué presta a mi contento si soy del vano dedo señalado; si, en busca deste viento, ando desalentado con ansias vivas, con mortal cuidado?        ¡Oh monte, oh fuente, oh río! ¡Oh secreto seguro, deleitoso! , roto casi el navío, a vuestro almo reposo huyo de aqueste mar tempestuoso.         Un no rompido sueño, un día puro, alegre, libre quiero; no quiero ver el ceño vanamente severo de a quien la sangre ensalza, o el dinero.         Despiértenme las aves con su cantar sabroso no aprendido; no los cuidados graves de que es siempre seguido el que al ajeno arbitrio está atenido.          Vivir quiero conmigo; gozar quiero del bien que debo al cielo, a solas, sin testigo, libre de amor, de celo, de odio, de esperanzas, de recelo.           Del monte en la ladera, por mi mano plantado tengo un huerto, que con la primavera, de bella flor cubierto ya muestra en esperanza el fruto cierto.          Y como codiciosa por ver y acrecentar su hermosura, desde la cumbre airosa una fontana pura hasta llegar corriendo se apresura.         Y luego, sosegada, el paso entre los árboles torciendo, el suelo de pasada, de verdura vistiendo y con diversas flores va esparciendo.          El aire del huerto orea y ofrece mil olores al sentido; los árboles menea con un manso ruido, que del oro y del cetro pone olvido.          Téngase su tesoro los que de un falso leño se confían; no es mío ver el lloro de los que desconfían cuando el cierzo y el ábrego porfían.           La combatida antena cruje, y en ciega noche el claro día se torna; al cielo suena confusa vocería, y la mar enriquecen a porfía.            A mí una pobrecilla mesa de amable paz bien abastada, me baste; y la vajilla, de fino oro labrada sea de quien la mar no teme airada.           Y mientras miserable- mente se están los otros abrazando con sed insaciable del peligroso mando, tendido yo a la sombra esté cantando.            A la sombra tendido, de yedra y lauro eterno coronado, puesto el atento oído al son dulce, acordado, del plectro sabiamente meneado.                                                                                      Fray Luis de León. Poesías completas. Clásicos Castalia.                                                                                               Madrid, 2001 (con adaptaciones). En el texto, la Sabina del poeta
está en la falda de un cerro.