Questões de Vestibular de Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Is age the cause of receding gums? By Claudia Hammond.
The phrase “long in the tooth” comes from the practice of gauging a horse’s age by the length of its teeth. Nineteenth century horse-traders were not a particularly trustworthy bunch, so a wise buyer would often check inside the animal’s mouth. If the teeth looked long it meant its gums had already receded, suggesting the potential purchase might be older than claimed. This might have served people well when it came to buying horses, but what about humans? Gingival recession, as it’s formally known, is more common amongst the elderly. A US study of almost 10,000 people found that 38% of people aged 30-39 had some degree of the condition, compared with 71% in the 50-59 age group, and 90% for those aged between 80-90. However that doesn’t mean ageing in itself is the cause. It’s a long process that can start in your teens, and one that can be triggered by various factors. In some cases, there is nothing people can do to reduce their chances of developing the condition. Some people inherit thin and fragile gums which recede more easily. Others have teeth which are overcrowded or stick out, meaning that there’s not enough jawbone to cover the root of the tooth. Dental hygiene also plays a big role. Plaque, consisting of a sticky film of bacteria, is constantly forming on our teeth. Failure to clear the build ups through brushing and flossing can lead to gum disease. If left untreated, one possible complication is the destruction of the bone around the teeth and the gum tissue in which they sit. As the tissue recedes, the root of the tooth is exposed, making it appear longer. Then there’s the way you brush your teeth. If you use a sawing action with a hard brush, there’s a danger of gradually wearing away the gum. For this reason dentists tend to advise brushing in small circles with a soft brush or using an electric toothbrush to prevent you from pressing so hard. The damage accumulates over time, causing the gums to recede imperceptibly, until one day you look in the mirror and realise you’ve changed. As this transformation can take decades, many people assume it’s a natural part of the ageing process. Research on receding gums often relies on asking people what kind of toothbrush they use, the brushing motions they use and how hard they brush. Some argue that due to a lack of controlled studies, there’s no definitive evidence that hard brushing does anything more than cause temporary abrasions, but many dentists do consider there to be a link. The condition is also more common in smokers. With so many different factors involved, controlled studies are difficult to do. Many are cross-sectional, meaning they take a snapshot in time. So if you’re looking to buy a horse it might be worth their checking their teeth, but ageing is not a direct cause of receding gums. It’s simply that the damage accumulates and becomes more obvious over time. Source: http://www.bbc.com (Adapted) According to the text, it is INCORRECT to say

Is age the cause of receding gums? By Claudia Hammond.
The phrase “long in the tooth” comes from the practice of gauging a horse’s age by the length of its teeth. Nineteenth century horse-traders were not a particularly trustworthy bunch, so a wise buyer would often check inside the animal’s mouth. If the teeth looked long it meant its gums had already receded, suggesting the potential purchase might be older than claimed. This might have served people well when it came to buying horses, but what about humans? Gingival recession, as it’s formally known, is more common amongst the elderly. A US study of almost 10,000 people found that 38% of people aged 30-39 had some degree of the condition, compared with 71% in the 50-59 age group, and 90% for those aged between 80-90. However that doesn’t mean ageing in itself is the cause. It’s a long process that can start in your teens, and one that can be triggered by various factors. In some cases, there is nothing people can do to reduce their chances of developing the condition. Some people inherit thin and fragile gums which recede more easily. Others have teeth which are overcrowded or stick out, meaning that there’s not enough jawbone to cover the root of the tooth. Dental hygiene also plays a big role. Plaque, consisting of a sticky film of bacteria, is constantly forming on our teeth. Failure to clear the build ups through brushing and flossing can lead to gum disease. If left untreated, one possible complication is the destruction of the bone around the teeth and the gum tissue in which they sit. As the tissue recedes, the root of the tooth is exposed, making it appear longer. Then there’s the way you brush your teeth. If you use a sawing action with a hard brush, there’s a danger of gradually wearing away the gum. For this reason dentists tend to advise brushing in small circles with a soft brush or using an electric toothbrush to prevent you from pressing so hard. The damage accumulates over time, causing the gums to recede imperceptibly, until one day you look in the mirror and realise you’ve changed. As this transformation can take decades, many people assume it’s a natural part of the ageing process. Research on receding gums often relies on asking people what kind of toothbrush they use, the brushing motions they use and how hard they brush. Some argue that due to a lack of controlled studies, there’s no definitive evidence that hard brushing does anything more than cause temporary abrasions, but many dentists do consider there to be a link. The condition is also more common in smokers. With so many different factors involved, controlled studies are difficult to do. Many are cross-sectional, meaning they take a snapshot in time. So if you’re looking to buy a horse it might be worth their checking their teeth, but ageing is not a direct cause of receding gums. It’s simply that the damage accumulates and becomes more obvious over time. Source: http://www.bbc.com (Adapted)
According to the text, judge the items below as true (T) or false (F).
I. Nineteenth century horse-traders were reliable people. II. A buyer who would check the horse's gums before buying it, was not considered a clever person. III. Although it is more observed amongst the elderly, gingival recession can begin during youth. IV. The phrase “long in the tooth” is related to the practice of determining a horse's age, and therefore its value, by examining its teeth. V. People can always prevent the development of gingival recession, once it is never possible for them to inherited sensitive gums.
Mark the correct option:

According to the cartoon below it is CORRECT to affirm.


Source: www.glasbergen.com

According to the cartoon below, judge the following statements as true (T) or false (F).

Source: http://eoienglishclub.wikispaces.com/ENGLISH+B1/unit3
I. The girl’s sentence can be transcript as “See you. I'll text you later”. II. Young people do not make difference between spoken and written speech. III. The old man can’t realize young people play with the sound of the words. IV. Young people text so much, they adequate their speech according to the facilities of keyboards. V. Language changes from one generation to another.
Choose the CORRECT alternative.

According to the text, why Pope Francis does not feel comfortable to judge gay people?

According to the text, judge the following statements as true (T) or false (F). I. Pope Francis will bring big surprises in August. II. Pope Benedict XVI was against homosexual priests. III. The Catechism of the Catholic Church explains the difference from being homosexual and in lobbying homosexuality. IV. Pope Francis disapproves any kind of lobbies. V. Pope Francis is indifferent about gay people.
Choose the CORRECT alternative.

Com base no texto, analise as afirmativas.

I. A palavra ‘filosofal’ aparece como ‘sorcerer’, na edição americana do livro “Harry Potter e a pedra filosofal” (editora Scholastic), e ‘philosopher’, na edição britânica (editora Bloomsbury), porque a editora americana achou que a palavra ‘sorcerer’ daria mais credibilidade à obra.

II. Um dos argumentos do texto contrários à mudança do título em inglês, de ‘philosopher’ para ‘sorcerer’, é a de que os editores estariam menosprezando a capacidade de compreensão dos americanos, já que a alegação foi a de que o uso da palavra ‘philosopher’ tem pequenas variações no inglês britânico e no norteamericano.

III. A autora do livro, J.K. Rowling, confirmou que a mudança ocorreu porque o uso da palavra ‘philosopher’ difere na cultura norte-americana e na britânica e que, por esse motivo, ela concordou com a editora Scholastic.

IV. O autor do artigo argumenta que o termo ‘sorcerer’ (em inglês americano) deixa em aberto quem seria o dono da pedra na estória, enquanto o termo ‘philosopher’ (em inglês britânico) é mais específico, definindo, deste modo, quem é o dono da pedra.

V. Houve trocas de algumas outras palavras no livro, porque são usadas de modo diferente pelos norte-americanos e pelos ingleses, por exemplo, cab (Br) mudou para taxi (Am), sneakers (Br) mudou para tennis shoes (Am), dust (Br) mudou para garbage (Am), etc.

Com base no texto e nas afirmativas, assinale a alternativa correta.

Observe os conectivos therefore, so, even if, such as, however, e assinale a alternativa correta sobre a função que eles assumem, respectivamente, no texto.

According to the ideas expressed in the last paragraph (lines 45-46), one infers that

According to paragraph 14 (lines 42-44), it is correct to infer that

The fragment "This is just the first step" (lines 39-40) refers to the fact that companies would have to

According to Dr Sarah Durant, in paragraph 9 (lines 27-30), it is INCORRECT to state that

According to paragraph 8 (lines 24-26),

Based on the meanings expressed in the text, it is correct to affirm that

The author’s main purpose in the text is to

Read the text.
The Key to Weight Loss Is Diet Quality, Not Quantity, a New Study Finds
Anyone who has ever been on a diet knows that the standard prescription for weight loss is to reduce the amount of calories you consume. But a new study, published Tuesday in JAMA, may turn that advice on its head. It found that people who cut back on added sugar, refined grains and highly processed foods while concentrating on eating plenty of vegetables and whole foods — without worrying about counting calories or limiting portion sizes — lost significant amounts of weight over the course of a year. The strategy worked for people whether they followed diets that were mostly low in fat or mostly low in carbohydrates. And their success did not appear to be influenced by their genetics or their insulin-response to carbohydrates, a finding that casts doubt on the increasingly popular idea that different diets should be recommended to people based on their DNA makeup or on their tolerance for carbs or fat. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/20/well/eat/counting-calories-weight-loss-diet-dieting-low-carb-lowfat.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fhealth&action=click&contentCollection=health®ion=rank&module=package&version= highlights&contentPlacement=1&pgtype=sectionfront
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta um exemplo de itens de um diário alimentar de alguém que seguiu os achados do novo estudo citado no texto.

Read the text.
World Obesity Day: Which countries have the biggest weight problem?
More than 603 million adults and 107 million children (out of a global population of around 7.5 billion) are obese, according to a report published earlier this year from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, based at the University of Washington in Seattle. That represents around five per cent of all children and 12 per cent of all adults. But which nations have the highest levels of obesity? Telegraph Travel took data from the CIA's World Factbook and, contrary to what some may believe, it is not the US that tops the chart, but rather American Samoa - an unincorporated territory of the US in the South Pacific - where a whopping 74.6 per cent are considered to be obese. A slew of other South Pacific nations follow, including Nauru, Tonga, Samoa, Palau and Kiribati. In fact, Kuwait is the only country outside the region to feature in the top 10. There is a clear obesity problem in the South Pacific, with the weight of adults is increasing at four times the global average. Some have claimed the islanders are genetically predisposed to putting on weight, while a 2014 report suggested that colonial settlers, who taught them Western ways of eating - frying fish, for example, rather than eating it raw - are to blame. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/maps-and-graphics/the-most-obese-fattest-countries-in-the-world/
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a causa fundamental apresentada pelo autor do texto para o aumento da obesidade.

Read the text.
'I Was Hooked': Bodybuilder Rich Piana Defended His 27 Years of Steroid Use Before His Shocking Death at 46
Before his death, bodybuilder Rich Piana was outspoken about his near 30 years of steroid usage despite admitting time and time again that the drug “can kill you.”The former Mr. California’s death was confirmed Friday morning in a Facebook post by his estranged wife Sara Piana — just two weeks after TMZ Sports reported he was placed in a medically induced coma after passing out in his Florida home, where 20 bottles of testosterone were reportedly found by police. With an Instagram following of 1.2 million users and hundreds and thousands of viewers following his YouTube channel, Piana had a large audience of fans — many of which were young men, who would flock to bodybuilding and fitness conventions to meet the 46-year-old star. But though Piana was open about his drug use, he maintained that he was “not bragging” or encouraging steroid use in others. Instead, Piana claimed he used his platform to educate those who were going to use them on how to use the drugs “properly.” http://people.com/bodies/rich-piana-death-steroid-use-quotes/
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta o propósito comunicativo do texto 

Read the text.

Varicose veins: Here's what you can do about them
Varicose veins is a term commonly used to describe visible leg veins. But true varicose veins are dilated and very prominent. Small varicose veins may not be a problem, but as varicose veins worsen they become distended and tortuous (full of twists and turns) and can cause the legs to feel heavy and ache. Swelling of the feet and ankles is an early sign of impaired function of the valves in our veins that keep the blood flowing, and severe varicose veins can be very painful. There's good evidence varicose veins have a genetic link and are also associated with a history of deep vein thrombosis (blood clots that obstruct the veins).  It's not possible to prevent varicose veins from forming, but simple actions can improve blood circulation in the feet and legs, and stop varicose veins from getting worse. Try to elevate your legs when sitting, resting and sleeping; reduce weight if you are overweight or obese; and wear lower-heeled shoes to work calf muscles. Treatments for varicose veins depend on the severity of symptoms, aesthetics and the risk of complications. Treatment may include compression stockings, lifestyle changes or a range of surgical options.  http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-12-06/varicose-veins-heres-what-you-can-do-about-them/9232812
Analise as assertivas que seguem.
I. Nem toda veia visível é uma varicose. II. Não há cirurgias que eliminem varizes. III. Os cientistas têm certeza de que as varizes decorrem de herança genética. IV. Ações que auxiliem na circulação podem evitar que as varizes piorem. V. A prevenção ainda é o mais indicado quando se trata de varizes.
De acordo com o texto, está(ão) CORRETA(S) somente:

Read the text.
China’s myopia epidemic: why a simple solution is being ignored
“Myopia rates have shot up in the last two decades,” Shanghai ophthalmologist Xu Xun says, as we speak in a conference room at the treatment centre. “According to our statistics, between 10 per cent and 20 per cent of primary school pupils start classes with myopia. Then the percentage rises to up to 50 per cent for secondary school students. In university, 90 per cent are short-sighted.” The growing prevalence of myopia is not only a Chinese problem, but it is an especially East Asian one. According to a study published in The Lancet medical journal in 2012, by Ian Morgan, of the Australian National University, South Korea leads the pack, with 96 per cent of young adults (below the age 20) having myopia; and the rate for Seoul is even higher. In Taiwan, 85 per cent of young adults are myopic, according to the study, and in Singapore, the figure is 82 per cent. But why are Asian children particularly prone to myopia? Although the question tends to create a heated discussion among doctors, Xu doesn’t hesitate when answering. “First of all, it’s not genetic. We’ve done many studies and that is something we are sure of. “It’s a quite recent phenomenon. In the 1960s, only 20 per cent of the Chinese population was short-sighted. We can argue checks were not so common at that time, but the gap is still large. And genetic changes take much longer to shape. Plus, myopia is mostly prevalent in urban areas, while the rates in the countryside are noticeably lower.” http://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/long-reads/article/2085125/chinas-myopia-epidemic-why-simple-solution-being
De acordo com o texto, é CORRETO afirmar que