Questões de Concurso Sobre advérbios e conjunções | adverbs and conjunctions em inglês

Read the text below and answer questions 35 to 40

1. A new study from archaeologists at University of Sydney and Simon
2. Fraser University in Vancouver, has provided important new evidence
3. to answer the question "Who exactly were the Anglo‐Saxons?" New
4. findings based on studying skeletal remains clearly indicate the Anglo‐
5. Saxons were a melting pot of people from both migrant and local
6. cultural groups and not one homogenous group from Western Europe.
7. Professor Keith Dobney said the team’s results indicate that "the
8. Anglo‐Saxon kingdoms of early Medieval Britain were strikingly similar
9. to contemporary Britain ‐‐ full of people of different ancestries sharing
10. a common language and culture." The collaborative study looked at the
11. three‐dimensional shape of the base of the skull. "Baased on this, we
12. collected 3D data from suitably dated skeletal collections from Britain
13. and Denmark, and then analysed the data to estimate the ancestry of
14. the Anglo‐Saxon individuals in the sample."
15. The researchers found that between two‐thirds and three‐quarters of
16. early Anglo‐Saxon individuals were of continental European ancestry,
17. while between a quarter and one‐third were of local ancestry. When
18. they looked at skeletons dated to the Middle Anglo‐Saxon period
19. (several hundred years after the original migrants arrived), they found
20. that 50 to 70 percent of the individuals were of local ancestry, while
21. 30 to 50 percent were of continental European ancestry, which
22. probably indicates a change in the rate of migration and/or local
23. adoption of culture over time. "These findings tell us that being Anglo‐
24. Saxon was more likely a matter of language and culture, not genetics."
25. Although Anglo‐Saxon origins can clearly be traced to a migration of
26. Germanic‐speaking people from mainland Europe between the 5th
27. and 7th centuries AD, the number of individuals who settled in Britain
28. is still contested, as is the nature of their relationship with the pre-
29. existing inhabitants of the British Isles, who were Romano‐Celts.
30. The ongoing and unresolved argument is whether hordes of European
31. invaders largely replaced the existing Romano‐British inhabitants, or
32. did smaller numbers of migrants settle and interact with the locals,
33. who then rapidly adopted the new language and culture of the Anglo‐
34. Saxons? "The reason for the ongoing confusion is the apparent
35. contradiction between early historical texts (written sometime after
36. the events that imply that the newcomers were both numerous and
37. replaced the Romano‐British population) and some recent
38. biomolecular markers directly recovered from Anglo‐Saxon skeletons
39. that appears to suggest numbers of immigrants were few," said
40. Professor Dobney. "Our new data sits at the interface of this debate
41. and implies that early Anglo‐Saxon society was a mix of both
42. newcomers and immigrants and, instead of wholesale population
43. replacement, a process of acculturation resulted in Anglo‐Saxon
44. language and culture being adopted wholesale by the local
45. population." "It could be this new cultural package was attractive,
46. filling a vacuum left at the end of the Roman occupation of Britain.
47. Whatever the reason, it lit the fuse for the English nation we have today
48. ‐‐ still comprised of people of different origins who share the same
49. language," Professor Dobney said.

Adapted from article available at:

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/06/210623144901.htm

Accessed on: July 13, 2021.

TEXTO 01

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questões de 01 a 08.

HEALTH CHECK

TAKE THIS CANCER QUIZ TO DETERMINE YOUR RISK OF DEVELOPING DISEASE - AS 1 IN 2 FACE DIAGNOSIS

(1º§) Around one in three cases of the most common cancers could be prevented by eating a healthy diet, keeping to a healthy weight and being more active, according to Macmillan Cancer Support.

(2º§) The following factors are asked about in the quiz.

Smoking

(3º§) At the top of the risk factor list, the WCRF says "not smoking is the best way to protect yourself from cancer".

Weight

(4º§) "Being a healthy weight is one of the most important ways ____ protect yourself against 12 types of cancer," the WCRF says. This includes bowel, kidney, womb and oesophagus cancer.

Exercise

(5º§) There is a reason exercise is encouraged - and not to just look fit.

(6º§) The WCRF says: "Being moderately active for at least 150 minutes or vigorously active for at least 75 minutes a week helps protect against three types of cancer. "Doing 45-60 minutes of moderate activity a day increases the benefit even more."

Fruit and veg

(7º§) You should aim to eat five portions of fruit and five of veg every day. "Fruit and vegetables can protect against cancers of the mouth and throat and digestive tract," WCRF says.

Wholegrains

(8º§) Wholegrain versions of carbohydrates not only help you keep a healthy weight, but have also been shown to reduce the risk of bowel cancer, the WCRF says. Generally it's important to eat a balanced diet as a way to prevent cancer.

Sugary drinks

(9º§) How many sugary drinks do you drink a week? This includes fizzy drinks, sugar-sweetened tea and coffee and squash. "Limiting sugar-sweetened drinks helps to prevent weight gain, which reduces your cancer risk," the WCRF says.

High fat and sugar foods

(10º§) Similarly to sugary drinks, consuming too much junk food will lead to weight gain - and weight gain is an independent cancer risk factor.

(11º§) It doesn't mean you can never have your favourite chocolate bar, cake or crisps. But it's about simple daily swaps. The WCRF suggests swapping a whole chocolate bar for a small piece of chocolate and a piece of fruit, for example.

Red and processed meats

(12º§) A diet abundant in red meat, like beef, lamb and pork, should be avoided. Similarly processed meats, such as bacon, sausages and ham, shouldn't be consumed ____ much. Both are linked to bowel cancer risk.

(13º§) "Limiting your intake [of red meat] to no more than three portions a week (350-500g cooked weight) can protect against bowel cancer," the WCRF says.

Alcohol

(14º§) The best way to avoid this risk would be to stop drinking at all.

(15º§) But if you do like a tipple, stick to the guidelines of no more than 14 units a week - equivalent to around four to five pints of beer or large glasses of wine.

Sun exposure

(16º§) Do you go the extra measure to protect yourself ____ the sun?

(17º§) We're talking suncream used regularly, avoiding the sun between 11am and 3pm, wearing a hat and sunglasses and avoiding sunbeds. "By not using sun beds and protecting yourself from sun exposure, you'll reduce your risk of skin cancers," the WCRF says.

https://www.thesun.co.uk/health/15912985/cancer-quiz-determine-risk/

Education

Education encompasses both the teaching and learning of knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency. It thus focuses on the cultivation of skills, trades or professions, as well as mental, moral & aesthetic development.

Formal education consists of systematic instruction, teaching and training by professional teachers. This consists of the application of pedagogy and the development of curricula. 

The right to education is a fundamental human right. Since 1952, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education. At world level, the United Nations’ International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees this right under its Article 13. 

Educational systems are established to provide education and training, often for children and the young. A curriculum defines what students should know, understand and be able to do as the result of education. A teaching profession delivers teaching which enables learning, and a system of policies, regulations, examinations, structures and funding enables teachers to teach to the best of their abilities.

Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six or seven years of schooling starting at the age of 5 or 6, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 70% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education, and this proportion is rising.

In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education consists of the second years of formal education that occur during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, “post-secondary”, or “higher” education (e.g., university, vocational school) for adults.

Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage, or post secondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level that follows the completion of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school or secondary school. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. Collectively, these are sometimes known as tertiary institutions. Tertiary education generally results in the receipt of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees. 

Instruction: answer question based on the following text.

(Avalaible in: https://apps.kodakmoments.com/top-10-tips-for-great-pictures/ – text especially adapted for this test)

Instruction: answer question based on the following text.

(Avalaible in: https://dictionaryblog.cambridge.org/2013/07/01/janus-words-two-faced-english/#more-2382 – text especially adapted for this test).