Questões de Inglês - Advérbios e conjunções | Adverbs and conjunctions para Concurso

Foram encontradas 517 questões

Q2121443 Inglês
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The teaching of English as a Lingua Franca

        An inexorable trend in the use of global English is that fewer interactions now involve a native speaker. Proponents of teaching English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) suggest that the way English is taught and assessed should reflect the needs and aspirations of the ever-growing number of non-native speakers who use English to communicate with other nonnatives. Understanding how non-native speakers use English among themselves has now become a serious research area.

        Different priorities in teaching English pronunciation, for example, have been defined. Teaching certain pronunciation features, such as the articulation of ‘th’ as an interdental fricative, appears to be a waste of time whereas other common pronunciation problems (such as simplifying consonant clusters) contribute to problems of understanding. Such an approach is allowing researchers to identify a ‘Lingua Franca Core’ (LFC) which provides guiding principles in creating syllabuses and assessment materials.

        Unlike traditional ESL (English as Second Language), ELF focuses also on pragmatic strategies required in intercultural communication. The target model of English, within the ELF framework, is not a native speaker but a fluent bilingual speaker, who retains a national identity in terms of accent, and who also has the special skills required to negotiate understanding with another non-native speaker. Research is also beginning to show how bad some native speakers are at using English for international communication. It may be that elements of an ELF syllabus could usefully be taught within a mother tongue curriculum.

(David Graddol, English Next. Adaptado)
In the fragment of the second paragraph “whereas other common pronunciation problems (such as simplifying consonant clusters) contribute to problems of understanding”, the underlined word may be correctly replaced by
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Q2121438 Inglês

Leia o texto para responder a questão.


English as a Lingua Franca


        A number of researchers have studied conversations in English as a Lingua Franca and have noted a number of somewhat surprising characteristics, including:

•  Non-use of third person present simple tense -s (She look very sad).

•  Interchangeable use of the relative pronouns who and which (a book who, a boy which).

•  Omission of articles where they are mandatory in native-speaker English.

•  Increasing of redundancy by adding “inexistent” prepositions (We have to study about…, The article treats of…).

•  Pluralisation of nouns which are considered uncountable in native-speaker English (informations, staffs).

        The evidence suggests that non-native speakers are not conforming to a native English standard. Indeed they seem to get along perfectly well despite the fact that they miss things out and put things in which they ‘should not do’. Not only this, but they are actually better at ‘accommodating’ - that is, negotiating shared meaning through helping each other in a more cooperative way - than, it is suggested, native speakers are when talking to second language speakers (Jenkins 2004). In other words, non-native speakers seem to be better at ELF communication than native speakers are.


(Jeremy Harmer, The practice of English language teaching. Adaptado) 

Comment and viewpoint adverbs express the author’s position about the statement made, modifying entire sentences rather than individual elements within them. The viewpoint adverbs “indeed” and “actually” mean, in the context of the last paragraph,
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Q2113347 Inglês
Which of the following is a coordinating conjunction?
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Q2110025 Inglês
Identify the correct position to insert the adverb “hardly” in the sentence “I saw them when they left the church in such a hurry”.
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Q2110024 Inglês
Instruction: Answer question based on the following text. The highlights throughout the text are cited in the question.

Watch your back! Idioms with the word ‘back’ 



(Available at: https://dictionaryblog.cambridge.org/2023/03/01/watch-your-back-idioms-with-the-word-back/ – text especially adapted for this test).
The “either-or” conjunction combination is usually used to connect two items in affirmative sentences, as seen in line 10. Which of the following sentences show a grammatically correct use of the negative structure?
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Q2110023 Inglês
Instruction: Answer question based on the following text. The highlights throughout the text are cited in the question.

Watch your back! Idioms with the word ‘back’ 



(Available at: https://dictionaryblog.cambridge.org/2023/03/01/watch-your-back-idioms-with-the-word-back/ – text especially adapted for this test).
The underlined words in the text are all adverbs, EXCEPT for:
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Q2106430 Inglês
Polar bears and climate changing

When we think about global warming and climate change, we usually think ________________how it is going to affect humans. However, we need to think about animals, too. Many species will be threatened
______________________ extinction by the end of this century if climate change is not halted. One of these is the world’s largest land predator, the polar bear. This magnificent native ___________________ the Arctic previously had no natural enemy apart _______________________man, but is now under threat from nature itself. Because of melting sea ice, it is likely that more polar bears will soon starve, warns a new study that discovered the large carnivores need to eat 60 percent more than anyone had realized.

Polar bears use floating ice as a platform to hunt seals from. They eat a large volume of food during the winter, storing enough fat under their skin to last them through the summer months. When the ice melts in the spring, many travel south to places such as Churchill, Canada, returning north when the seas freeze again, usually around October. Now, however, the winter ice is melting earlier and forming later. The bears’ store of fat runs out, and some starve to death. Other bears are drowning, because many of the ice platforms have melted, and some bears have to swim over a hundred kilometres from one ice platform to another. Due to exhaustion or stormy weather, some never make it to their destinations.
Analyze the words in bold in the sentences below:
However, we need to think about animals, too  ‘…but is now under threat from nature itself.’ ‘Due to exhaustion or stormy weather…’ ‘As a result of all these factors…’
We can infer that the words in bold:
1. They are called discourse markers or linking words, as they help the speaker to manage the conversation and mark when it changes.
2. Discourse markers are words and phrases used in reading to ‘signpost’ discourse.
3. Linking words show us turns, join ideas together, and generally control communication.
4. Discourse markers are referred to more commonly as ‘linking words’ and ‘linking phrases’, or ‘sentence connectors’.
5. They are used more frequently in speech, unless the speech is very formal.

Choose the alternative which contains all the correct affirmatives.
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Q2104974 Inglês

Music Enabling Cognitive Work



(Avaliable in: ASHLEY, R. and TIMMERS, R. (Editors) The Routledge Companion to Music Cognition. New York: Routledge, 2017 – text adapted specially for this test). 

Connect the highlighted words “while” (l. 01), “however” and “whether” (l. 11) to the ideas they convey in the text, in order:
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Q2104973 Inglês

Music Enabling Cognitive Work



(Avaliable in: ASHLEY, R. and TIMMERS, R. (Editors) The Routledge Companion to Music Cognition. New York: Routledge, 2017 – text adapted specially for this test). 

Analyze the following statements about the sentence “In the early-twentieth century music was sometimes broadcast in factories to increase productivity and morale”
(l. 01-02): I. “Music was sometimes broadcast” is in the simple present, in a passive voice structure.
II. The adverb “sometimes” could be replaced by “rarely” with no changes in meaning.
III. The word “increase” could be translated as “aumentar”.

Which ones are correct?
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Q2103107 Inglês
Reality Television

Reality television is a genre of television programming which, it is claimed, presents unscripted dramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and features ordinary people rather than professional actors. It could be described as a form of artificial or “heightened” documentary. Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television, the current explosion of popularity dates from around 2000.

Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats, _____________game or quiz shows which resemble the frantic, often demeaning programmes produced in Japan _____________ the 1980s and 1990s (a modern example is Gaki no tsukai), _____________surveillance-focused productions such __________ Big Brother.

Critics say that the term “reality television” is somewhat of a misnomer and that such shows frequently portray a modified and highly influenced form of reality, with participants put in exotic locations or abnormal situations, sometimes coached to act in certain ways by off-screen handlers, and with events on screen manipulated through editing and other post-production techniques.

Part of reality television’s appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations. For example, on the ABC show, The Bachelor, an eligible male dates a dozen women simultaneously, travelling on extraordinary dates to scenic locales. Reality television also has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities, outwardly in talent and performance programs such as Pop Idol, though frequently Survivor and Big Brother participants also reach some degree of celebrity.

Some commentators have said that the name “reality television” is an inaccurate description for several styles of program included in the genre. In competition-based programs such as Big Brother and Survivor, and other special-living-environment shows like The Real World, the producers design the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities and the environment, creating a completely fabricated world in which the competition plays out. Producers specifically select the participants, and use carefully designed scenarios, challenges, events, and settings to encourage particular behaviours and conflicts. Mark Burnett, creator of Survivor and other reality shows, has agreed with this assessment, and avoids the word “reality” to describe his shows; he has said, “I tell good stories. It really is not reality TV. It really is unscripted drama.

The words ‘Although’ and ‘though’, in the text mean ‘in spite of something’.


In the text, they are discourse markers that are:

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Q2103106 Inglês
Reality Television

Reality television is a genre of television programming which, it is claimed, presents unscripted dramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and features ordinary people rather than professional actors. It could be described as a form of artificial or “heightened” documentary. Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television, the current explosion of popularity dates from around 2000.

Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats, _____________game or quiz shows which resemble the frantic, often demeaning programmes produced in Japan _____________ the 1980s and 1990s (a modern example is Gaki no tsukai), _____________surveillance-focused productions such __________ Big Brother.

Critics say that the term “reality television” is somewhat of a misnomer and that such shows frequently portray a modified and highly influenced form of reality, with participants put in exotic locations or abnormal situations, sometimes coached to act in certain ways by off-screen handlers, and with events on screen manipulated through editing and other post-production techniques.

Part of reality television’s appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations. For example, on the ABC show, The Bachelor, an eligible male dates a dozen women simultaneously, travelling on extraordinary dates to scenic locales. Reality television also has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities, outwardly in talent and performance programs such as Pop Idol, though frequently Survivor and Big Brother participants also reach some degree of celebrity.

Some commentators have said that the name “reality television” is an inaccurate description for several styles of program included in the genre. In competition-based programs such as Big Brother and Survivor, and other special-living-environment shows like The Real World, the producers design the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities and the environment, creating a completely fabricated world in which the competition plays out. Producers specifically select the participants, and use carefully designed scenarios, challenges, events, and settings to encourage particular behaviours and conflicts. Mark Burnett, creator of Survivor and other reality shows, has agreed with this assessment, and avoids the word “reality” to describe his shows; he has said, “I tell good stories. It really is not reality TV. It really is unscripted drama.
The following words: ‘frequently’, ‘sometimes ‘ and ‘often’, from the text are being used in the text as:
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Q2102925 Inglês
Training for the Javelin

The javelin is over 400,000 years old. This long, pointed stick was first used as a weapon before it became an integral event in the Olympic Games. Though even as a sport, it can still cause damage today.

Javelin throwers can become injured because they often repeat the same action many times during training or competitions. There is especially a risk of elbow injury if athletes bend their arms the wrong way when they throw the javelin. As with all sports, it’s important to warm up properly before practicing the javelin.

For people considering taking up this sport, here are some suggestions for preventing injury:

1. Practice with a professional coach. It’s essential to develop a good technique from the beginning.

2. Develop healthy eating habits and a good diet with lots of fruit, vegetables, and protein (chicken or fish). Don’t skip breakfast on the day of the competition.

3. When competing ___________sports events, plan the day properly. Competitions can begin ____________the morning, so start your warm up when you get up. Do exercises for your arms, legs, back, and neck before you put your gym clothes and go the stadium.

4. It’s important for athletes to keep their body temperatures up, so after warming up, it’s best to wear a tracksuit while waiting for the event to begin. Sometimes the different parts of the competitions take place at different times. In between, keep your throwing arm warm. For example, wrap a towel around it while you’re waiting. 

5. After the competition, many athletes want to relax and hang out with their friends, but don’t finish the competition without cooling down first. Put ice on the throwing arm for about a quarter of an hour. This prevents injuries after the event.

6. Finally, don’t practice too much. Only Olympic athletes need to practice every day. Sports are for fun. Just enjoy the event.
Choose the alternative that defines correctly the word ‘though’ in “Though even as a sport, it can still cause damage today”.
Alternativas
Q2102923 Inglês
Training for the Javelin

The javelin is over 400,000 years old. This long, pointed stick was first used as a weapon before it became an integral event in the Olympic Games. Though even as a sport, it can still cause damage today.

Javelin throwers can become injured because they often repeat the same action many times during training or competitions. There is especially a risk of elbow injury if athletes bend their arms the wrong way when they throw the javelin. As with all sports, it’s important to warm up properly before practicing the javelin.

For people considering taking up this sport, here are some suggestions for preventing injury:

1. Practice with a professional coach. It’s essential to develop a good technique from the beginning.

2. Develop healthy eating habits and a good diet with lots of fruit, vegetables, and protein (chicken or fish). Don’t skip breakfast on the day of the competition.

3. When competing ___________sports events, plan the day properly. Competitions can begin ____________the morning, so start your warm up when you get up. Do exercises for your arms, legs, back, and neck before you put your gym clothes and go the stadium.

4. It’s important for athletes to keep their body temperatures up, so after warming up, it’s best to wear a tracksuit while waiting for the event to begin. Sometimes the different parts of the competitions take place at different times. In between, keep your throwing arm warm. For example, wrap a towel around it while you’re waiting. 

5. After the competition, many athletes want to relax and hang out with their friends, but don’t finish the competition without cooling down first. Put ice on the throwing arm for about a quarter of an hour. This prevents injuries after the event.

6. Finally, don’t practice too much. Only Olympic athletes need to practice every day. Sports are for fun. Just enjoy the event.
Analyze the sentences according to structure and grammar use.
1. The underlined words in the sentence “This long, pointed stick was first used as a weapon…” is an example of active voice in the past tense.
2. The words in bold “they” and “their”, in the text, are being used as a personal pronoun and a possessive adjective, respectively.
3. The negative form of the following sentence: “Do exercises for your arms, legs, back, and neck…” is “Don’t exercise your arms, legs, back, and neck…”.
4. The word ‘properly’ in “it’s important to warm up properly before practicing the javelin.” is an adverb that means correctly or satisfactorily.

Choose the alternative which contains the correct sentences.
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Q2101337 Inglês
Leia as frases abaixo:
I. She past the test, because she study a lot.
II. After you arrive here, we'll go out with our friends.
III. Although he is handsome, he isn't a good person.

Sobre Adverb Clauses, assinale a alternativa correta: 
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Q2101336 Inglês
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta o uso correto do advérbio de dúvida: 
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Q2096256 Inglês
Text II

Global commerce 

    Driverless vehicles whizz across five new berths at Tuas Mega Port, which sits on a swathe of largely reclaimed land at the western tip of Singapore. Unmanned cranes loom overhead, circled by camera-fitted drones. The berths are the first of 21 due by 2027. When it is completed in 2040, the complex will be the largest container port on Earth, boasts PSA International, its Singaporean owner.
   Tuas is a vision of the future on two fronts. It illustrates how port operators the world over are deploying clever technologies to meet the demand for their services in the face of obstacles to the development of new facilities, from lack of space to environmental concerns. More fundamentally, the city-state’s investment, with construction costs estimated at $15bn, is part of a wave of huge bets by the broader logistics industry on the rising importance of Asia, and South-East Asia in particular. The IMF expects the region’s five largest economies—Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines and Thailand—to be the fastest-growing bloc in the world by trade volumes between 2022 and 2027. The result is that the map of global commerce and the blueprints for its critical nodes are being simultaneously redrawn.

From: The Economist, January 14, 2023, pp. 57-58
The sentence “Driverless vehicles whizz across” (1st paragraph) introduces a sense of
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Q2087725 Inglês

Read the text to answer.



Woman Work

(Maya Angelou.)

I’ve got the children to tend

The clothes to mend

The floor to mop

The food to shop

Then the chicken to fry

The baby to dry

I got company to feed

The garden to weed

I've got shirts to press

The tots to dress

The cane to be cut

I gotta clean up this hut

Then see about the sick

And the cotton to pick.

Shine on me, sunshine

Rain on me, rain

Fall softly, dewdrops

And cool my brow again.

Storm, blow me from here with your fiercest wind

Let me float across the sky ‘til I can rest again, fall gently, snowflakes,

Cover me with white cold icy kisses and let me rest tonight.

Sun, rain, curving sky, mountain, oceans, leaf and stone

You're all that I can call my own.


(Available: http://www.aquaculturewithoutfrontiers.org.)


In “Fall softly, dewdrops” and “Let me float across the sky ‘til I can rest again, fall gently, snowflakes” the words GENTLY and SOFTLY convey the concept of:

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Q2074621 Inglês

Ten critical actions needed to address four major cybersecurity challenges:



In the sentence “4. Ensure the security of emerging technologies...”, the word emerging functions as 
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Q2074617 Inglês

Cybersecurity: An overview of cyber challenges facing the nation, and actions needed


Federal agencies and the nation’s critical infrastructure — such as energy, transportation systems, communications, and financial services — depend on Information Technology (IT) systems to carry out operations and process essential data. However, the risks to these IT systems are increasing—including insider threats from witting or unwitting employees, escalating and emerging threats from around the globe, and the emergence of new and more destructive attacks. Rapid developments in new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and ubiquitous Internet and cellular connectivity, can also introduce security issues. Over 28,000 security incidents were reported by federal civilian agencies to the Department of Homeland Security in FY 2019.

Additionally, since many government IT systems contain vast amounts of personally identifiable information (PII), federal agencies must protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of this information—and effectively respond to data breaches and security incidents. Likewise, the trend in the private sector of collecting extensive and detailed information about individuals needs appropriate limits.

To highlight the importance of these issues, Government Accountability Office (GAO) has designated information security as a government-wide high-risk area since 1997. This high-risk area was expanded in 2003 to include the protection of critical cyber infrastructure and, in 2015, to include protecting the privacy of PII.

GAO has made about 3,300 recommendations to federal agencies to address cybersecurity shortcomings—and we reported that more than 750 of these had not been fully implemented as of December 2020. We designated 67 as priority, meaning that we believe they warrant priority attention from heads of key departments and agencies.

Adapted from: https://www.gao.gov/cybersecurity. Available on November 16th, 2022

The use of the conjunction since in “since many government IT systems contain vast amount of personally identifiable information” conveys an idea of
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Q2073396 Inglês
What is the Difference Between Checking and Savings Accounts?

    The main difference between checking and savings accounts is that checking accounts are primarily for accessing your money for daily use while savings accounts are primarily for saving money. Checking accounts are considered “transactional,” meaning that they allow you to access your money when and where you need it. While both allow you to access your money, you may consider it easier to do so with checking accounts. Since these accounts are designed to give you easy access to your cash, they often come with debit cards, checks, and even offer digital payment options. In contrast, savings accounts have a limit on the number of withdrawals you can make each month.
    While checking accounts are convenient for daily cash needs, it’s important to remember that they may be age restricted. Most banks won’t allow people under the age of 18 to open a checking account without a parent or legal guardian as a co-owner of the account. Before opening a checking account, make sure that its terms fit your financial needs and your lifestyle.
    When it comes to setting aside money for a longterm need or goal, you should consider a savings account. Savings accounts are designed to hold money over a long period of time to help you save for larger goals (rather than everyday purchases). As your money stays in the account, it will accrue interest and grow over time. This means that you will need to visit your bank, set up a transfer online, or make an ATM withdrawal to access your money.
    Keeping some of your money in a savings account is a great way to set it aside for emergencies or large purchases – its limited access will keep you from spending it on day-to-day necessities. There are also dedicated savings accounts for kids, though a parent or guardian is usually required as a joint owner.

(Adapted from: https://www.santanderbank.com/personal/resources/checkingsavings/difference-between-checking
savings#:~:text=The%20main%20difference%20between%20check
ing,and%20where%20you%20need%20it)
Pay close attention to the terms/idioms that are underlined in the five following sentences:
I. While both allow you to access your money, you may consider it easier to do so with checking accounts (1st paragraph). II. In contrast, savings accounts have a limit on the number of withdrawals you can make each month (1st paragraph). III. Most banks won’t allow people under the age of 18 to open a checking account without a parent or legal guardian as a co-owner of the account (2nd paragraph). IV. When it comes to setting aside money for a long-term need or goal, you should consider a savings account (3rd paragraph). V. There are also dedicated savings accounts for kids, though a parent or guardian is usually required as a joint owner (4th paragraph).
Now, choose the alternative that classifies these terms correctly and matches them with an appropriate synonym. 
Alternativas
Respostas
161: A
162: C
163: E
164: C
165: E
166: A
167: E
168: A
169: C
170: E
171: D
172: B
173: D
174: C
175: C
176: A
177: B
178: C
179: A
180: D