Questões de Concurso
Sobre vocabulário | vocabulary em inglês
Foram encontradas 2.161 questões
Ano: 2023
Banca:
OBJETIVA
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Capela de Santana - RS
Prova:
OBJETIVA - 2023 - Prefeitura de Capela de Santana - RS - Professo - Séries Finais - Inglês |
Q2343029
Inglês
Concerning the English language vocabulary, mark the CORRECT item:
The great object of life is _______—to _____ that we exist, even _______ in pain. (Lord Byron).
Ano: 2023
Banca:
OBJETIVA
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Capela de Santana - RS
Prova:
OBJETIVA - 2023 - Prefeitura de Capela de Santana - RS - Professo - Séries Finais - Inglês |
Q2343026
Inglês
Which item correctly displays the meaning of the
underlined word in “Wow, that’s too bizarre, maybe it’s
fate.”?
Ano: 2023
Banca:
IVIN
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Santana do Piauí - PI
Prova:
IVIN - 2023 - Prefeitura de Santana do Piauí - PI - Professor de Inglês |
Q2337759
Inglês
Texto associado
Text 1
The latest evolution of The Color Purple story is coming to the
big screen soon—and as the premiere gets closer and closer,
we’re getting more sneak peeks into that magic!
Oprah has joined forces with Steven Spielberg, Quincy Jones,
and Scott Sanders to bring The Color Purple musical—which
premiered on Broadway in 2005—to life. “To reinvent the
movie at this time is to reinvent a phenomenon,” says Oprah.
The film has an official release date: December 25, 2023—so
that’s your post-Christmas plans, sorted.
In 1985, Oprah made her acting debut as Sofia in Spielberg’s
adaptation of Alice Walker’s novel—and earned an Academy
Award nomination. Oprah said she felt “deep down joy” while
filming The Color Purple. “Being in that movie changed
everything for me. I was doing work that I loved, and I was
surrounded by others who were equally passionate. I was so
happy every day,” she said.
Oprah calls Walker’s seminal novel, first published in 1983, one
of the “national anthems for women’s empowerment.” Celie,
the protagonist of The Color Purple, endures the unimaginable
while growing up in rural Georgia—and triumphs, thanks in part
to the support of the book’s other women protagonists, Sofia
and Shug Avery.
IT’S ONE OF THE NATIONAL ANTHEMS FOR WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT. —OPRAH
In addition to the talented cast and crew of actors and singers (more on that below), the 2023 film is directed by
Blitz Bazawule (who also helmed Beyoncé’s Black Is King). Marcus Gardley (The Chi) wrote the script, which Oprah
says is now infused with a kind of magical realism: “We get to see and feel what’s going on in Celie’s imagination.”
Oprah was deeply invested in 2023’s The Color Purple, including choosing the perfect person for each role. Here
are her thoughts on the casting choices and everything else you need to know about this next evolution of The
Color Purple.
Available in:<https://www.oprahdaily.com/entertainment/a37871805/color-purple-movie-musical-cast-release-date-news/>
Analyze the following sentences below about
the excerpt of the text 1 “Oprah was deeply invested
in 2023’s The Color Purple, including choosing the
perfect person for each role. Here are her thoughts
on the casting choices and everything else you need
to know about this next evolution of The Color
Purple”.
I. In the structure “Oprah was deeply invested” the word “deeply” is as adjective.
II. The structure “the perfect person for each role.” is a nominal group connected to preposition “for” and the headnoun is “role”.
III. The word “invested” can be replace by “take part”.
IV. In the expression “on the casting choices” it refers to actor or actress in a play or film means to choose them to act a particular role in it.
Which ones are correct?
I. In the structure “Oprah was deeply invested” the word “deeply” is as adjective.
II. The structure “the perfect person for each role.” is a nominal group connected to preposition “for” and the headnoun is “role”.
III. The word “invested” can be replace by “take part”.
IV. In the expression “on the casting choices” it refers to actor or actress in a play or film means to choose them to act a particular role in it.
Which ones are correct?
Ano: 2023
Banca:
SELECON
Órgão:
SEDUC-MT
Prova:
SELECON - 2023 - SEDUC-MT - Professor da Educação Básica - Letras - Língua Inglesa |
Q2335664
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXT:
How do people overcome fossilization and achieve nativelike fluency in second language acquisition?
There are a lot of common misconceptions about fossilization
and language development. It's impossible to correct all of them
in a post here, but I'll address a few that have been mentioned
below.
Fossilization is a stage at which a second language speaker
seems to cease making progress toward becoming more targetlike in his or her use of the language, so a "learning plateau" is a
reasonable analogy. The comparison wherein "the L2 learner has
his own linguistic system" that's still influenced by L1 and other
things is known as the "interlanguage." The question researchers
cannot conclusively answer is whether or not that "plateau" is
reversible after a certain point, be it age, fluency level, etc., in
order to start making progress again.
Different people are motivated by different things, which range
from need (to pass a test, to get a job, to watch movies without
subtitles, to make friends, etc.) to learning style (preferring to
study from texts, liking/disliking impromptu, small-talk with people
just to practice, preference for/against learning formal rules, and
aptitude). It is easy to remember verb conjugations. There is no
single formula.
Finding someone who can correct your errors tactfully and
effectively most certainly does not need to be demotivating,
depressing or draining whatsoever. I'm a very fluent non-native
speaker of Spanish, and I actively request that my native speaker
(NS) friends correct me when I make a mistake, or use a phrase
that sounds funny in their dialect, etc. How else will I learn?
It's fascinating to learn little details like that now after so many
years. As long as they don't do it in a mocking or condescending
way, or at a socially inappropriate time, why wouldn't I want their
help? Of course, if you correct a beginner every time they try to
utter a sentence, it could be discouraging - and obnoxious - but
everything in moderation.
One of the biggest cognitive challenges is whether or not L2
speakers can learn to consciously notice differences between
their L2 efforts and the way a NS talks. There are decades of
research on this (my own included) and I'll gladly give references
if anyone actually cares. Noticing falls into two broad categories.
First, the ability to "notice the gap," i.e. hear a NS say a
sentence and think, "Hmm, I understand what he meant but I've
never heard that word before; it must mean ___" or "I know what
he meant but it would not have occurred to me to say it that
way; I'll try to remember that for later." The second is the ability
to "notice the hole," i.e. when the L2 learner is trying to speak/
write and realizes that his "interlanguage" lacks a word, sound or
structure needed to accurately convey his own thought. If he can
seek the input necessary to fill the hole, he has a much stronger
chance of acquiring it. The thought processes involved during
that moment are holding the forms (or lack thereof) in working
memory, and the longer it stays there for further processing, the
greater the possibility that it is retained in long-term memory for
later use. The NS interlocutor can help promote noticing through
corrective feedback (also a subject of decades of research, for
which I'm also happy to provide resources if anyone is genuinely
interested.)
I have been using a variety of strategies for years as a language
coach when working with my clients, whether helping IT executives
from India and Egypt learn to write more grammatically accurate
e-mail or helping priests from Nigeria improve prosodic aspects
of their pronunciation (i.e. stress and intonation patterns.)
Each person is different. I have found no evidence to support
the argument that a person who has fossilized cannot begin to
make progress again toward a more target-like L2 use at least
in some areas, with the right motivation, input and effort. The
question is only about how much progress, in what areas, in
how much time, and through what methods.
Adapted form: https://www.quora.com/How-do-people-overcome-fossilization-andachieve-native-like-fluency-in-second-language-acquisition
Acesso em 22/09/2023
No segundo parágrafo do texto, as abreviações L1 e L2
são utilizadas para indicar língua materna e língua estrangeira,
respectivamente. Para substituir a abreviação que se refere à
língua estrangeira, deve-se usar a expressão:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
SELECON
Órgão:
SEDUC-MT
Prova:
SELECON - 2023 - SEDUC-MT - Professor da Educação Básica - Letras - Língua Inglesa |
Q2335663
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXT:
How do people overcome fossilization and achieve nativelike fluency in second language acquisition?
There are a lot of common misconceptions about fossilization
and language development. It's impossible to correct all of them
in a post here, but I'll address a few that have been mentioned
below.
Fossilization is a stage at which a second language speaker
seems to cease making progress toward becoming more targetlike in his or her use of the language, so a "learning plateau" is a
reasonable analogy. The comparison wherein "the L2 learner has
his own linguistic system" that's still influenced by L1 and other
things is known as the "interlanguage." The question researchers
cannot conclusively answer is whether or not that "plateau" is
reversible after a certain point, be it age, fluency level, etc., in
order to start making progress again.
Different people are motivated by different things, which range
from need (to pass a test, to get a job, to watch movies without
subtitles, to make friends, etc.) to learning style (preferring to
study from texts, liking/disliking impromptu, small-talk with people
just to practice, preference for/against learning formal rules, and
aptitude). It is easy to remember verb conjugations. There is no
single formula.
Finding someone who can correct your errors tactfully and
effectively most certainly does not need to be demotivating,
depressing or draining whatsoever. I'm a very fluent non-native
speaker of Spanish, and I actively request that my native speaker
(NS) friends correct me when I make a mistake, or use a phrase
that sounds funny in their dialect, etc. How else will I learn?
It's fascinating to learn little details like that now after so many
years. As long as they don't do it in a mocking or condescending
way, or at a socially inappropriate time, why wouldn't I want their
help? Of course, if you correct a beginner every time they try to
utter a sentence, it could be discouraging - and obnoxious - but
everything in moderation.
One of the biggest cognitive challenges is whether or not L2
speakers can learn to consciously notice differences between
their L2 efforts and the way a NS talks. There are decades of
research on this (my own included) and I'll gladly give references
if anyone actually cares. Noticing falls into two broad categories.
First, the ability to "notice the gap," i.e. hear a NS say a
sentence and think, "Hmm, I understand what he meant but I've
never heard that word before; it must mean ___" or "I know what
he meant but it would not have occurred to me to say it that
way; I'll try to remember that for later." The second is the ability
to "notice the hole," i.e. when the L2 learner is trying to speak/
write and realizes that his "interlanguage" lacks a word, sound or
structure needed to accurately convey his own thought. If he can
seek the input necessary to fill the hole, he has a much stronger
chance of acquiring it. The thought processes involved during
that moment are holding the forms (or lack thereof) in working
memory, and the longer it stays there for further processing, the
greater the possibility that it is retained in long-term memory for
later use. The NS interlocutor can help promote noticing through
corrective feedback (also a subject of decades of research, for
which I'm also happy to provide resources if anyone is genuinely
interested.)
I have been using a variety of strategies for years as a language
coach when working with my clients, whether helping IT executives
from India and Egypt learn to write more grammatically accurate
e-mail or helping priests from Nigeria improve prosodic aspects
of their pronunciation (i.e. stress and intonation patterns.)
Each person is different. I have found no evidence to support
the argument that a person who has fossilized cannot begin to
make progress again toward a more target-like L2 use at least
in some areas, with the right motivation, input and effort. The
question is only about how much progress, in what areas, in
how much time, and through what methods.
Adapted form: https://www.quora.com/How-do-people-overcome-fossilization-andachieve-native-like-fluency-in-second-language-acquisition
Acesso em 22/09/2023
A abreviação “i.e.”, usada no quinto e sexto parágrafos do
texto, representa o termo “id est”, do latim. Seu correspondente
em inglês é:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Contador - Manhã |
Q2335045
Inglês
Texto associado
The Future Of Accounting:
How Will Digital Transformation Impact Accountants?
In business, as in life, change is the only true constant. From
mitigating unprecedented business disruptors to adapting to new
operational paradigms, professionals in all industries find
themselves dealing with major changes — many of them driven
by emerging technologies.
Accounting is no exception. The profession has moved far
beyond mere bookkeeping and payroll, and like its partner
procurement, it’s taking an increasingly strategic role for forward-thinking businesses. While some pundits say accounting has a
dim future in the digital world of tomorrow, technologies such as
cloud-based data management, process automation and
advanced analytics are actually poised to further elevate
accountants in new and empowering ways.
As far back as 2015, industry leaders were sounding the death
knell for accountants, convinced emerging technologies —
particularly automation — would end in death by digital for
accountancy as we know it. And as recently as 2019, accountants
surveyed by Robert Half on the impact of automation on their
profession expressed concerns about being replaced, having
fewer opportunities for creative problem-solving and an
overdependence on tech in completing daily tasks.
Yet, the events between then and now, including the Covid-19 pandemic, have instead shown that accountants, like other
professionals, need to worry much more about adaptation than
replacement.
There's no question that digital transformation has radically
changed the playing field. Big data has become a rich resource
that needs to be tapped to compete effectively. But for
businesses ready to leverage the potential of digital tools, this
shift is an opportunity, not a threat.
[…]
Both the skill set and the job description for tomorrow's
accountant will be greatly expanded, while still hewing to the
core competencies of the profession. Supported by technology in
a collaborative setting, accounting teams will be populated with
both dedicated accounting professionals and subject matter
experts from other areas of the business.
Tomorrow's accountants may play an advisory role,
welcoming business intelligence and procurement professionals
and working to chart a strategic sourcing plan. They could
leverage data management tools, including augmented reality, to
humanize and contextualize spend data for the C-suite to make
better decisions based on long-term value rather than return on
investment alone.
With more diverse skill sets and greater technical acumen,
accountants can bring their own expertise to teams in other
business units, providing crucial financial intelligence, refining
budgets or ensuring compliance. […]
As a function, accounting may become less about refining
one's skill set through certifications and more about core
competencies that grow over time, with a focus on lifelong
education and skill development required to take on a complex,
ever-changing business environment.
Automation and other data-driven technologies are poised to
free accountants, not constrain them. Organizations that understand the potential and importance of these technologies
— and invest in the tools and training required to help their
accountants take full advantage — will be ahead of the curve.
Tomorrow's accountants will play a more creative and strategic
role in their companies. As a result, their businesses will not only
enjoy more efficient workflows and reap more useful insights
from their accounting processes, but help strengthen their own
resiliency, agility and competitive footing.
Adapted from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2021/05/19/thefuture-of-accounting-how-will-digital-transformation-impactaccountants/?sh=343b437853fb
The verb in “were sounding the death knell” can be replaced
without change in meaning by
Ano: 2023
Banca:
IGEDUC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Surubim - PE
Prova:
IGEDUC - 2023 - Prefeitura de Surubim - PE - Professor II - Língua Inglesa |
Q2334591
Inglês
Julgue o item que se segue.
In the sentence: “It is abundantly clear that trade does not
fill stomachs, and if anyone does get rich from it, it is
seldom if ever both the parties concerned.” The word
“seldom” can be replaced by “rarely” without changing the
meaning of the sentence.
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FUNDATEC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Imbé - RS
Prova:
FUNDATEC - 2023 - Prefeitura de Imbé - RS - Professor - Língua Inglesa |
Q2334352
Inglês
The word in bold “overwhelming” (l. 05) suggests that the amount of people is:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
IMPARH
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Pedra Branca - CE
Prova:
IMPARH - 2023 - Prefeitura de Pedra Branca - CE - Professor de Inglês |
Q2330025
Inglês
Complete the sentence below and choose the CORRECT answer.
‘‘At the bus station - A: What is your bus number? B: I ________ for the 2225.’’
Ano: 2023
Banca:
IMPARH
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Pedra Branca - CE
Prova:
IMPARH - 2023 - Prefeitura de Pedra Branca - CE - Professor de Inglês |
Q2330023
Inglês
Complete the sentence below and mark the CORRECT alternative.
“I’m old. Forty years ago, I _________ swim very fast.”
Ano: 2023
Banca:
IMPARH
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Pedra Branca - CE
Prova:
IMPARH - 2023 - Prefeitura de Pedra Branca - CE - Professor de Inglês |
Q2330021
Inglês
Choose the CORRECT option that completes the sentence below.
JULIA: Richard, the phone is ringing.
RICHARD: It's OK. I _______________ it.
Ano: 2023
Banca:
IMPARH
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Pedra Branca - CE
Prova:
IMPARH - 2023 - Prefeitura de Pedra Branca - CE - Professor de Inglês |
Q2330017
Inglês
Among the alternatives below, which one fills the blanks in
the following sentence correctly?
____ you ____ visited the Buckingham Palace?
____ you ____ visited the Buckingham Palace?
Ano: 2023
Banca:
IMPARH
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Pedra Branca - CE
Prova:
IMPARH - 2023 - Prefeitura de Pedra Branca - CE - Professor de Inglês |
Q2330016
Inglês
Complete the sentence below and choose the CORRECT answer.
“Layla is in love with Rome. She can get around pretty easily as she _________ Italian.”
Ano: 2023
Banca:
IMPARH
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Pedra Branca - CE
Prova:
IMPARH - 2023 - Prefeitura de Pedra Branca - CE - Professor de Inglês |
Q2330014
Inglês
What _______________ to do on Monday?
Ano: 2023
Banca:
IMPARH
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Pedra Branca - CE
Prova:
IMPARH - 2023 - Prefeitura de Pedra Branca - CE - Professor de Inglês |
Q2330013
Inglês
If I __________ George had to get up early, I
_______________ him up.
Ano: 2023
Banca:
IMPARH
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Pedra Branca - CE
Prova:
IMPARH - 2023 - Prefeitura de Pedra Branca - CE - Professor de Inglês |
Q2330012
Inglês
Choose the option that best completes the sentence given:
“I ______ to smoke. It is not good for my health. My sister _______ to eat fish every day. And you? ________ you like to drink beer?”
“I ______ to smoke. It is not good for my health. My sister _______ to eat fish every day. And you? ________ you like to drink beer?”
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Informática Legislativa - Manhã |
Q2326031
Inglês
Texto associado
Read Text II and answer the question that follow it
Text II
Boy cries Wolf
After astonishing breakthroughs in artificial intelligence,
many people worry that they will end up on the economic
scrapheap. Global Google searches for “is my job safe?” have
doubled in recent months, as people fear that they will be
replaced with large language models (LLMS). Some evidence
suggests that widespread disruption is coming. In a recent paper
Tyna Eloundou of OpenAI and colleagues say that “around 80% of
the US workforce could have at least 10% of their work tasks
affected by the introduction of LLMS”. Another paper suggests
that legal services, accountancy and travel agencies will face
unprecedented upheaval.
Economists, however, tend to enjoy making predictions about
automation more than they enjoy testing them. In the early
2010s many of them loudly predicted that robots would kill jobs
by the millions, only to fall silent when employment rates across
the rich world rose to all-time highs. Few of the doom-mongers
have a good explanation for why countries with the highest rates
of tech usage around the globe, such as Japan, Singapore and
South Korea, consistently have among the lowest rates of
unemployment.
Here we introduce our first attempt at tracking AI’s impact on
jobs. Using American data on employment by occupation, we
single out white-collar workers. These include people working in
everything from back-office support and financial operations to
copy-writers. White-collar roles are thought to be especially
vulnerable to generative AI, which is becoming ever better at
logical reasoning and creativity.
However, there is as yet little evidence of an AI hit to
employment. In the spring of 2020 white-collar jobs rose as a
share of the total, as many people in service occupations lost
their job at the start of the covid-19 pandemic. The white-collar
share is lower today, as leisure and hospitality have recovered.
Yet in the past year the share of employment in professions
supposedly at risk from generative AI has risen by half a
percentage point.
It is, of course, early days. Few firms yet use generative-AI
tools at scale, so the impact on jobs could merely be delayed.
Another possibility, however, is that these new technologies will
end up destroying only a small number of roles. While AI may be
efficient at some tasks, it may be less good at others, such as
management and working out what others need.
AI could even have a positive effect on jobs. If workers using
it become more efficient, profits at their company could rise
which would then allow bosses to ramp up hiring. A recent survey
by Experis, an IT-recruitment firm, points to this possibility. More
than half of Britain’s employers expect AI technologies to have a
positive impact on their headcount over the next two years, it
finds.
To see how it all shakes out, we will publish updates to this
analysis every few months. But for now, a jobs apocalypse seems
a way off.
From The Economist June 17th 2023, p. 71
The title of the article means to
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
MRE
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - MRE - Oficial de Chancelaria |
Q2324514
Inglês
Texto associado
Text 1A2-III
In January 1948, before three pistol shots put an end to his
life, Gandhi had been on the political stage for more than fifty
years. He had inspired two generations of Indian patriots, shaken
an empire and sparked off a revolution which was to change the
face of Africa and Asia. To millions of his own people, he was
the Mahatma — the great soul — whose sacred glimpse was a
reward in itself.
By the end of 1947 he had lived down much of the
suspicion, ridicule and opposition which he had to face, when he
first raised the banner of revolt against racial exclusiveness and
imperial domination. His ideas, once dismissed as quaint and
utopian, had begun to strike answering chords in some of the
finest minds in the world. “Generations to come, it may be,”
Einstein had said of Gandhi in July 1944, “will scarcely believe
that such a one as this ever in flesh and blood walked upon
earth.”
Though his life had been a continual unfolding of an
endless drama, Gandhi himself seemed the least dramatic of men.
It would be difficult to imagine a man with fewer trappings of
political eminence or with less of the popular image of a heroic
figure. With his loin cloth, steel-rimmed glasses, rough sandals, a
toothless smile and a voice which rarely rose above a whisper, he
had a disarming humility. He was, if one were to use the famous
words of the Buddha, a man who had “by rousing himself, by
earnestness, by restraint and control, made for himself an island
which no flood could overwhelm.”
Gandhi’s deepest strivings were spiritual, but he did
not — as had been the custom in his country — retire to a cave in
the Himalayas to seek his salvation. He carried his cave within
him. He did not know, he said, any religion apart from human
activity; the spiritual law did not work in a vacuum, but
expressed itself through the ordinary activities of life.
This aspiration to relate the spirit of religion to the
problems of everyday life runs like a thread through Gandhi’s
career: his uneventful childhood, the slow unfolding and the
near-failure of his youth, the reluctant plunge into the politics of
Natal, the long unequal struggle in South Africa, and the
vicissitudes of the Indian struggle for freedom, which under his
leadership was to culminate in a triumph not untinged with
tragedy.
B. R. Nanda. Gandhi: a pictorial biography, 1972 (adapted).
The word “quaint” (second sentence of the second paragraph), in
its use in text 1A2-III, means
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
MRE
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - MRE - Oficial de Chancelaria |
Q2324513
Inglês
Texto associado
Text 1A2-III
In January 1948, before three pistol shots put an end to his
life, Gandhi had been on the political stage for more than fifty
years. He had inspired two generations of Indian patriots, shaken
an empire and sparked off a revolution which was to change the
face of Africa and Asia. To millions of his own people, he was
the Mahatma — the great soul — whose sacred glimpse was a
reward in itself.
By the end of 1947 he had lived down much of the
suspicion, ridicule and opposition which he had to face, when he
first raised the banner of revolt against racial exclusiveness and
imperial domination. His ideas, once dismissed as quaint and
utopian, had begun to strike answering chords in some of the
finest minds in the world. “Generations to come, it may be,”
Einstein had said of Gandhi in July 1944, “will scarcely believe
that such a one as this ever in flesh and blood walked upon
earth.”
Though his life had been a continual unfolding of an
endless drama, Gandhi himself seemed the least dramatic of men.
It would be difficult to imagine a man with fewer trappings of
political eminence or with less of the popular image of a heroic
figure. With his loin cloth, steel-rimmed glasses, rough sandals, a
toothless smile and a voice which rarely rose above a whisper, he
had a disarming humility. He was, if one were to use the famous
words of the Buddha, a man who had “by rousing himself, by
earnestness, by restraint and control, made for himself an island
which no flood could overwhelm.”
Gandhi’s deepest strivings were spiritual, but he did
not — as had been the custom in his country — retire to a cave in
the Himalayas to seek his salvation. He carried his cave within
him. He did not know, he said, any religion apart from human
activity; the spiritual law did not work in a vacuum, but
expressed itself through the ordinary activities of life.
This aspiration to relate the spirit of religion to the
problems of everyday life runs like a thread through Gandhi’s
career: his uneventful childhood, the slow unfolding and the
near-failure of his youth, the reluctant plunge into the politics of
Natal, the long unequal struggle in South Africa, and the
vicissitudes of the Indian struggle for freedom, which under his
leadership was to culminate in a triumph not untinged with
tragedy.
B. R. Nanda. Gandhi: a pictorial biography, 1972 (adapted).
The expression “lived down” (first sentence of the second
paragraph of text 1A2-III) means
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
MRE
Prova:
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Q2324512
Inglês
Texto associado
Text 1A2-II
I have often thought how interesting a magazine paper
might be written by any author who would—that is to say, who
could—detail, step by step, the processes by which any one of
his compositions attained its ultimate point of completion. Why
such a paper has never been given to the world, I am much at a
loss to say—but, perhaps, the authorial vanity has had more to do
with the omission than any one other cause. Most writers—poets
in especial—prefer having it understood that they compose by a
species of fine frenzy—an ecstatic intuition—and would
positively shudder at letting the public take a peep behind the
scenes, at the elaborate and vacillating crudities of thought—at
the true purposes seized only at the last moment—at the
innumerable glimpses of idea that arrived not at the maturity of
full view—at the fully-matured fancies discarded in despair as
unmanageable—at the cautious selections and rejections—at the
painful erasures and interpolations—in a word, at the wheels and
pinions—the tackle for scene-shifting—the step-ladders, and
demon-traps—the cock’s feathers, the red paint and the black
patches, which, in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred, constitute
the properties of the literary histrio.
I am aware, on the other hand, that the case is by no
means common, in which an author is at all in condition to
retrace the steps by which his conclusions have been attained. In
general, suggestions, having arisen pell-mell are pursued and
forgotten in a similar manner.
For my own part, I have neither sympathy with the
repugnance alluded to, nor, at any time, the least difficulty in
recalling to mind the progressive steps of any of my
compositions, and, since the interest of an analysis or
reconstruction, such as I have considered a desideratum, is quite
independent of any real or fancied interest in the thing analysed,
it will not be regarded as a breach of decorum on my part to
show the modus operandi by which some one of my own works
was put together. I select The Raven as most generally known. It
is my design to render it manifest that no one point in its
composition is referable either to accident or intuition—that the
work proceeded step by step, to its completion, with the precision
and rigid consequence of a mathematical problem.
Edgar Allan Poe. The Philosophy of Composition, 1846 (adapted)
In the third sentence of text 1A2-II, the fragment “shudder at”
can be correctly replaced by
Conheça nossos planos