Questões de Concurso Público Prefeitura de Serrana - SP 2018 para Professor de Educação Básica - Inglês

Foram encontradas 60 questões

Q1095645 Inglês
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The story of American literature begins in the early 1600s, long before there were any “Americans”. The earliest writers were Englishmen describing the English exploration and colonization of the New World. Thomas Hariot’s Briefe and True Report of the New-Found Land of Virginia (1588) was only the first of such works. Back in England, people planning to move to Virginia and New England would read the books as travel guides. But this was dangerous because such books often mixed facts with fantasy. For example, one writer wrote that he had seen lions in Massachusetts. It’s probable that these “true reports” had a second kind of reader. People could certainly read them as tales of adventure and excitement. Like modern readers of science fiction, they could enjoy imaginary voyages to places they could never visit in reality.

(P. B. High. Outline of American Literature. Essex, UK, Longman.
1996. Adaptado)
It is correct information, according to the text:
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Q1095646 Português
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    Fala e escrita, como formas de manifestação da linguagem, ocorrem em ambientes sociais distintos, com exigências específicas quanto à sintaxe e às estruturas textuais. Devido às suas próprias formas textuais e genéricas, fala e escrita diferem quanto às suas estruturas e funções características, fazendo com que, no âmbito do ensino, haja uma estreita ligação entre linguagem e cognição. Fala e escrita, por conseguinte, compõem modelos cognitivos distintos e que estão disponíveis para seus usuários. Uma vez que essas formas de manifestação da linguagem são diversificadas, a preocupação com sua delimitação e nomeação traduz-se na noção de gêneros discursivos de Bakhtin (1992).
    Bakhtin concebe os gêneros do discurso como tipos de enunciados criados dentro dos vários campos da atividade humana. Consoante tal perspectiva, a linguagem é aprendida por meio de enunciados concretos, ouvidos e reproduzidos na comunicação verbal. Cada um dos vários gêneros apresenta suas próprias exigências em termos de conteúdo, de estrutura e de sequências linguísticas que os compõem. Todos esses aspectos devem ser aprendidos mediante práticas sociais que desenvolvam as capacidades de linguagem dos indivíduos e as estratégias de aprendizagem.

(Abuêndia Padilha Pinto. Gêneros discursivos e ensino de Língua Inglesa.
In: A. P. Dionisio, A. R Machado e M. A Bezerra (orgs). Gêneros textuais e
ensino. Rio de Janeiro: Lucerna. 2005, Adaptado)
De acordo com o texto, gêneros discursivos
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Q1095647 Inglês
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    Fala e escrita, como formas de manifestação da linguagem, ocorrem em ambientes sociais distintos, com exigências específicas quanto à sintaxe e às estruturas textuais. Devido às suas próprias formas textuais e genéricas, fala e escrita diferem quanto às suas estruturas e funções características, fazendo com que, no âmbito do ensino, haja uma estreita ligação entre linguagem e cognição. Fala e escrita, por conseguinte, compõem modelos cognitivos distintos e que estão disponíveis para seus usuários. Uma vez que essas formas de manifestação da linguagem são diversificadas, a preocupação com sua delimitação e nomeação traduz-se na noção de gêneros discursivos de Bakhtin (1992).
    Bakhtin concebe os gêneros do discurso como tipos de enunciados criados dentro dos vários campos da atividade humana. Consoante tal perspectiva, a linguagem é aprendida por meio de enunciados concretos, ouvidos e reproduzidos na comunicação verbal. Cada um dos vários gêneros apresenta suas próprias exigências em termos de conteúdo, de estrutura e de sequências linguísticas que os compõem. Todos esses aspectos devem ser aprendidos mediante práticas sociais que desenvolvam as capacidades de linguagem dos indivíduos e as estratégias de aprendizagem.

(Abuêndia Padilha Pinto. Gêneros discursivos e ensino de Língua Inglesa.
In: A. P. Dionisio, A. R Machado e M. A Bezerra (orgs). Gêneros textuais e
ensino. Rio de Janeiro: Lucerna. 2005, Adaptado)
A leitura dos dois parágrafos permite afirmar corretamente que, no ensino-aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras,
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Q1095648 Inglês
From the image and words in the cartoon, it is correct to understand that
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Q1095649 Inglês
As she rewrites her original message on the board, the teacher employs resources such as
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Q1095650 Inglês
A questão parte de breves excertos do livro The practice of English language teaching, de J. Harmer, 4th ed., Longman, 2007 (adaptado).
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    Within word classes, there are a number of restrictions. Knowledge of these allows competent speakers to produce well-formed sentences. Speakers of British English might say There isn’t any furniture in the room, but would not say There aren’t any furnitures in the room because furniture is almost always an uncountable noun.
An example of a well-formed sentence with an uncountable noun is: 
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Q1095651 Inglês
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    Although words can appear as single items which are combined in a sentence, they can also occur in two-or-more item groups. They often combine with each other in ways which competent speakers of the language recognize instantly.
    Word combinations (also known as collocations) have become a subject of great interest in the recent past. Collocation is the way in which words co-occur – combinations which, through custom and practice, have become to be seen as normal and acceptable. It is immediately apparent that some words can live together, others cannot. We say fast asleep, and this is an acceptable collocation, but fast awake is not.
    The chunking of language suggests that talking about vocabulary exclusively in terms of words is not sufficient to account for the different kinds of meaning unit that the language has at its disposal. 
Teachers who agree with the points raised by Harmer in the excerpt will understand that
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Q1095652 Inglês
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    Although words can appear as single items which are combined in a sentence, they can also occur in two-or-more item groups. They often combine with each other in ways which competent speakers of the language recognize instantly.
    Word combinations (also known as collocations) have become a subject of great interest in the recent past. Collocation is the way in which words co-occur – combinations which, through custom and practice, have become to be seen as normal and acceptable. It is immediately apparent that some words can live together, others cannot. We say fast asleep, and this is an acceptable collocation, but fast awake is not.
    The chunking of language suggests that talking about vocabulary exclusively in terms of words is not sufficient to account for the different kinds of meaning unit that the language has at its disposal. 
One example of the collocation named phrasal verb can be found in alternative:
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Q1095653 Inglês
A questão parte de breves excertos do livro The practice of English language teaching, de J. Harmer, 4th ed., Longman, 2007 (adaptado).
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    The fact that some students are able to acquire reasonable pronunciation without explicit teaching should not blind us to the benefits of a focus on pronunciation in our lessons. Pronunciation teaching not only makes students aware of different sounds and sound features but can also help them achieve the goal of improved comprehension and intelligibility.     One question we need to answer is how good our students’ pronunciation ought to be. Should they sound like native speakers, so perfect that just by listening to them we would assume that they are British or American or Australian? Or is this asking too much? Perhaps we should be happy if they can at least make themselves understood. In fact, frequently foreign language speakers want to retain their own accent when they speak the foreign language because that is part of their identity.
O excerto aborda temas hoje em dia muito presentes quando se fala em ensino de inglês oral e de pronúncia. Segundo o autor,
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Q1095654 Inglês
As palavras speak, sound and make têm, respectivamente, o mesmo som vocálico que
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Q1095655 Pedagogia
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Para Jespersen (1904), a língua deveria ser tratada como algo vivo; ela não deveria ser um fim em si, mas um caminho para a comunicação. O objetivo maior de aprender uma língua estrangeira seria descobrir um universo infindável de novas culturas. O papel do professor não estaria reduzido em fazer com que os alunos fossem meros repetidores de palavras ou de livros, e sim o de despertar seu interesse. O professor deveria sentir “que o seu conhecimento linguístico seria a chave para muitos tesouros que ele abriria para seus alunos”, mostrando interesse pela cultura da língua a ser ensinada.
(Fernanda T. Maza. O papel do professor de íngua estrangeira: uma retrospectiva”,. In: M.A.A. Celani (org.). Ensino de segunda língua: redescobrindo as origens. São Paulo:EDUC. 1997. Adaptado)
O trecho descreve um professor
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Q1095656 Inglês
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    The analysis of the relationship between forms and functions of language is commonly called discourse analysis, which encompasses the notion that language is more than a sentence-level phenomenon. A single sentence can seldom be fully analyzed without considering its context. We use language in stretches of discourse. We string many sentences together in interrelated, cohesive units. In most oral language, our discourse is marked by exchanges with another person or several persons in which a few sentences spoken by one participant are followed and built upon by sentences spoken by another. Speakers formulate representations of meaning not just from a single sentence but also from referents in both previous sentences and following sentences.

Consider the following:
A. Got the time?
B. Ten fifteen.

Waiter: More coffee?
Customer: I’m okay.

Parent: Dinner!
Child: Just a minute!

    In so many of our everyday exchanges, a single sentence sometimes contains certain presuppositions that are not overtly manifested in surrounding sentence-level surface structure, but that are clear from the total context. All three of the above conversations contained such presuppositions (how to ask what time of day it is; how to say “no more coffee”; how to announce dinner and then indicate one will be there in a minute). Without the pragmatic contexts of discourse, our communications would be extraordinarily ambiguous.

(H. Douglas Brown. Principles of language learning and teaching 5th edition ed.Longman, 2000. Adaptado)
De acordo com o primeiro parágrafo, é correto afirmar que
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Q1095657 Inglês
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    The analysis of the relationship between forms and functions of language is commonly called discourse analysis, which encompasses the notion that language is more than a sentence-level phenomenon. A single sentence can seldom be fully analyzed without considering its context. We use language in stretches of discourse. We string many sentences together in interrelated, cohesive units. In most oral language, our discourse is marked by exchanges with another person or several persons in which a few sentences spoken by one participant are followed and built upon by sentences spoken by another. Speakers formulate representations of meaning not just from a single sentence but also from referents in both previous sentences and following sentences.

Consider the following:
A. Got the time?
B. Ten fifteen.

Waiter: More coffee?
Customer: I’m okay.

Parent: Dinner!
Child: Just a minute!

    In so many of our everyday exchanges, a single sentence sometimes contains certain presuppositions that are not overtly manifested in surrounding sentence-level surface structure, but that are clear from the total context. All three of the above conversations contained such presuppositions (how to ask what time of day it is; how to say “no more coffee”; how to announce dinner and then indicate one will be there in a minute). Without the pragmatic contexts of discourse, our communications would be extraordinarily ambiguous.

(H. Douglas Brown. Principles of language learning and teaching 5th edition ed.Longman, 2000. Adaptado)
Na frase do primeiro parágrafo – A single sentence can seldom be fully analyzed without considering its context. –, os termos destacados podem ser traduzidos, sem alteração de sentido, por
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Q1095658 Inglês
Leia o texto e responda a questão.

    The analysis of the relationship between forms and functions of language is commonly called discourse analysis, which encompasses the notion that language is more than a sentence-level phenomenon. A single sentence can seldom be fully analyzed without considering its context. We use language in stretches of discourse. We string many sentences together in interrelated, cohesive units. In most oral language, our discourse is marked by exchanges with another person or several persons in which a few sentences spoken by one participant are followed and built upon by sentences spoken by another. Speakers formulate representations of meaning not just from a single sentence but also from referents in both previous sentences and following sentences.

Consider the following:
A. Got the time?
B. Ten fifteen.

Waiter: More coffee?
Customer: I’m okay.

Parent: Dinner!
Child: Just a minute!

    In so many of our everyday exchanges, a single sentence sometimes contains certain presuppositions that are not overtly manifested in surrounding sentence-level surface structure, but that are clear from the total context. All three of the above conversations contained such presuppositions (how to ask what time of day it is; how to say “no more coffee”; how to announce dinner and then indicate one will be there in a minute). Without the pragmatic contexts of discourse, our communications would be extraordinarily ambiguous.

(H. Douglas Brown. Principles of language learning and teaching 5th edition ed.Longman, 2000. Adaptado)
From the reading of the first paragraph, it is correct to understand that, in language teaching,
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Q1095659 Inglês
Leia o texto e responda a questão.

    The analysis of the relationship between forms and functions of language is commonly called discourse analysis, which encompasses the notion that language is more than a sentence-level phenomenon. A single sentence can seldom be fully analyzed without considering its context. We use language in stretches of discourse. We string many sentences together in interrelated, cohesive units. In most oral language, our discourse is marked by exchanges with another person or several persons in which a few sentences spoken by one participant are followed and built upon by sentences spoken by another. Speakers formulate representations of meaning not just from a single sentence but also from referents in both previous sentences and following sentences.

Consider the following:
A. Got the time?
B. Ten fifteen.

Waiter: More coffee?
Customer: I’m okay.

Parent: Dinner!
Child: Just a minute!

    In so many of our everyday exchanges, a single sentence sometimes contains certain presuppositions that are not overtly manifested in surrounding sentence-level surface structure, but that are clear from the total context. All three of the above conversations contained such presuppositions (how to ask what time of day it is; how to say “no more coffee”; how to announce dinner and then indicate one will be there in a minute). Without the pragmatic contexts of discourse, our communications would be extraordinarily ambiguous.

(H. Douglas Brown. Principles of language learning and teaching 5th edition ed.Longman, 2000. Adaptado)
Os três breves diálogos estão presentes neste texto com o objetivo de
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Q1095660 Inglês
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    The analysis of the relationship between forms and functions of language is commonly called discourse analysis, which encompasses the notion that language is more than a sentence-level phenomenon. A single sentence can seldom be fully analyzed without considering its context. We use language in stretches of discourse. We string many sentences together in interrelated, cohesive units. In most oral language, our discourse is marked by exchanges with another person or several persons in which a few sentences spoken by one participant are followed and built upon by sentences spoken by another. Speakers formulate representations of meaning not just from a single sentence but also from referents in both previous sentences and following sentences.

Consider the following:
A. Got the time?
B. Ten fifteen.

Waiter: More coffee?
Customer: I’m okay.

Parent: Dinner!
Child: Just a minute!

    In so many of our everyday exchanges, a single sentence sometimes contains certain presuppositions that are not overtly manifested in surrounding sentence-level surface structure, but that are clear from the total context. All three of the above conversations contained such presuppositions (how to ask what time of day it is; how to say “no more coffee”; how to announce dinner and then indicate one will be there in a minute). Without the pragmatic contexts of discourse, our communications would be extraordinarily ambiguous.

(H. Douglas Brown. Principles of language learning and teaching 5th edition ed.Longman, 2000. Adaptado)
Na frase do último parágrafo – Without the pragmatic contexts of discourse, our communications would be extraordinarily ambiguous. –, a palavra destacada em negrito indica
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Q1095661 Inglês
In order to understand information which is not openly available in a text, whether oral or written, language users make use of the cognitive strategy known as
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Q1095662 Inglês

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Humor in the cartoon lies in
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Q1095663 Inglês

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Na fala do professor – I expect you all to be independent, innovative, critical thinkers who will do exactly as I do –, a palavra destacada em negrito pode ser corretamente substituída por
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Q1095664 Pedagogia
Zabala (1998) defende que o ensino, voltado à formação integral do aluno, tenha como conteúdos de aprendizagem
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Respostas
41: E
42: B
43: C
44: D
45: D
46: A
47: C
48: A
49: E
50: B
51: D
52: E
53: C
54: E
55: D
56: C
57: A
58: A
59: B
60: A