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English as a Lingua Franca
A number of researchers have studied conversations in English as a Lingua Franca and have noted a number of somewhat surprising characteristics, including:
• Non-use of third person present simple tense -s (She look very sad).
• Interchangeable use of the relative pronouns who and which (a book who, a boy which).
• Omission of articles where they are mandatory in native-speaker English.
• Increasing of redundancy by adding “inexistent” prepositions (We have to study about…, The article treats of…).
• Pluralisation of nouns which are considered uncountable in native-speaker English (informations, staffs).
The evidence suggests that non-native speakers are not conforming to a native English standard. Indeed they seem to get along perfectly well despite the fact that they miss things out and put things in which they ‘should not do’. Not only this, but they are actually better at ‘accommodating’ - that is, negotiating shared meaning through helping each other in a more cooperative way - than, it is suggested, native speakers are when talking to second language speakers (Jenkins 2004). In other words, non-native speakers seem to be better at ELF communication than native speakers are.
(Jeremy Harmer, The practice of English language teaching. Adaptado)
Read the text to answer.
A: So, I’ve decided I’m going to go to the bank and ask for a car loan.
B: That sounds like a good idea.
C: Well, you need a car.
B: Right.
A: Anyway, I was wondering if either of you would teach me how to drive.
B: Look, I’m very busy during the week, I'm trying to catch up with my deadline.
C: I’m in the same boat, but there must be a way...
A: What about the weekend? Say, Saturday morning? You both could take turns.
B: Fine with me!
C: Count me in!
The words reproducing pause, hesitation, redundancy, etc
which might or might not be present in abbreviated form
in the dialogue are: