Questões de Vestibular de Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

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Q2093161 Inglês
’Marching towards starvation’: UN warns of hell on earth if Ukraine
war goes on

    Dozens of countries risk protests, riots and political violence this year as food prices surge around the world, the head of the food-aid branch of the United Nations has warned. Speaking in Ethiopia’s capital, Addis Ababa, on Thursday, David Beasley, director of the UN World Food Programme (WFP), said the world faced "frightening"shortages that could destabilise countries that depend on wheat exports from Ukraine and Russia.

    "Even before the Ukraine crisis, we were facing an unprecedented global food crisis because of Covid and fuel price increases," said Beasley. "Then, we thought it couldn’t get any worse, but this war has been devastating." Ukraine grows enough food every year to feed 400 million people. It produces 42% of the world’s sunflower oil, 16% of its maize and 9% of its wheat. Somalia relies on Ukraine and Russia for all of its wheat imports, while Egypt gets 80% of its grain from the two countries.

    The WFP sources 40% of the wheat for its emergency food-relief programmes from Ukraine and, after its operating costs rose by $70m (£58m) a month, it has been forced to halve rations in several countries. Citing increases in the price of shipping, fertiliser and fuel as key factors - due to Covid-19, the climate crisis and the Ukraine war - Beasley said the number of people suffering from "chronic hunger" had risen from 650 million to 810 million in the past five years.

Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/jun/17/united-nations-wfp-hell-on-earth-ukraine-war-russia.
Accessed on 07/10/2022

(URCA/2022.2) David Beasley afirmou em Addis Ababa que o aumento no preço dos alimentos pode causar:
Alternativas
Q2093160 Inglês
’Marching towards starvation’: UN warns of hell on earth if Ukraine
war goes on

    Dozens of countries risk protests, riots and political violence this year as food prices surge around the world, the head of the food-aid branch of the United Nations has warned. Speaking in Ethiopia’s capital, Addis Ababa, on Thursday, David Beasley, director of the UN World Food Programme (WFP), said the world faced "frightening"shortages that could destabilise countries that depend on wheat exports from Ukraine and Russia.

    "Even before the Ukraine crisis, we were facing an unprecedented global food crisis because of Covid and fuel price increases," said Beasley. "Then, we thought it couldn’t get any worse, but this war has been devastating." Ukraine grows enough food every year to feed 400 million people. It produces 42% of the world’s sunflower oil, 16% of its maize and 9% of its wheat. Somalia relies on Ukraine and Russia for all of its wheat imports, while Egypt gets 80% of its grain from the two countries.

    The WFP sources 40% of the wheat for its emergency food-relief programmes from Ukraine and, after its operating costs rose by $70m (£58m) a month, it has been forced to halve rations in several countries. Citing increases in the price of shipping, fertiliser and fuel as key factors - due to Covid-19, the climate crisis and the Ukraine war - Beasley said the number of people suffering from "chronic hunger" had risen from 650 million to 810 million in the past five years.

Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/jun/17/united-nations-wfp-hell-on-earth-ukraine-war-russia.
Accessed on 07/10/2022

(URCA/2022.2) O Programa Mundial de Alimento das Nações Unidas obtém quase metade do trigo para seus programas de emergência da/do: 
Alternativas
Q2093159 Inglês
’Marching towards starvation’: UN warns of hell on earth if Ukraine
war goes on

    Dozens of countries risk protests, riots and political violence this year as food prices surge around the world, the head of the food-aid branch of the United Nations has warned. Speaking in Ethiopia’s capital, Addis Ababa, on Thursday, David Beasley, director of the UN World Food Programme (WFP), said the world faced "frightening"shortages that could destabilise countries that depend on wheat exports from Ukraine and Russia.

    "Even before the Ukraine crisis, we were facing an unprecedented global food crisis because of Covid and fuel price increases," said Beasley. "Then, we thought it couldn’t get any worse, but this war has been devastating." Ukraine grows enough food every year to feed 400 million people. It produces 42% of the world’s sunflower oil, 16% of its maize and 9% of its wheat. Somalia relies on Ukraine and Russia for all of its wheat imports, while Egypt gets 80% of its grain from the two countries.

    The WFP sources 40% of the wheat for its emergency food-relief programmes from Ukraine and, after its operating costs rose by $70m (£58m) a month, it has been forced to halve rations in several countries. Citing increases in the price of shipping, fertiliser and fuel as key factors - due to Covid-19, the climate crisis and the Ukraine war - Beasley said the number of people suffering from "chronic hunger" had risen from 650 million to 810 million in the past five years.

Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/jun/17/united-nations-wfp-hell-on-earth-ukraine-war-russia.
Accessed on 07/10/2022

(URCA/2022.2) Depois de ler o texto, é correto afirmar que
Alternativas
Q2093158 Inglês
’Marching towards starvation’: UN warns of hell on earth if Ukraine
war goes on

    Dozens of countries risk protests, riots and political violence this year as food prices surge around the world, the head of the food-aid branch of the United Nations has warned. Speaking in Ethiopia’s capital, Addis Ababa, on Thursday, David Beasley, director of the UN World Food Programme (WFP), said the world faced "frightening"shortages that could destabilise countries that depend on wheat exports from Ukraine and Russia.

    "Even before the Ukraine crisis, we were facing an unprecedented global food crisis because of Covid and fuel price increases," said Beasley. "Then, we thought it couldn’t get any worse, but this war has been devastating." Ukraine grows enough food every year to feed 400 million people. It produces 42% of the world’s sunflower oil, 16% of its maize and 9% of its wheat. Somalia relies on Ukraine and Russia for all of its wheat imports, while Egypt gets 80% of its grain from the two countries.

    The WFP sources 40% of the wheat for its emergency food-relief programmes from Ukraine and, after its operating costs rose by $70m (£58m) a month, it has been forced to halve rations in several countries. Citing increases in the price of shipping, fertiliser and fuel as key factors - due to Covid-19, the climate crisis and the Ukraine war - Beasley said the number of people suffering from "chronic hunger" had risen from 650 million to 810 million in the past five years.

Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/jun/17/united-nations-wfp-hell-on-earth-ukraine-war-russia.
Accessed on 07/10/2022

(URCA/2022.2) De acordo com o texto, a crise alimentar no mundo tem como causa 
Alternativas
Q2092709 Inglês
TEXTO 1

Asylum-seeker smuggling is a
symptom, not a root cause

Robert Falconer/Craig D. Smith - Jan 31, 2022

1_- 7.png (369×777)
1_- 40.png (371×212)

Source: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/
article-asylum-seeker-smuggling-is-a-symptom-not-a-root-cause/
Choose the alternative that best expresses the idea presented in this excerpt (lines 40 to 43).
“It can choose hard line policies to the benefit of the Canadian security establishment and create more smugglers, even as its politicians heap blame on them when tragedy strikes.” 
Alternativas
Q2092707 Inglês
TEXTO 1

Asylum-seeker smuggling is a
symptom, not a root cause

Robert Falconer/Craig D. Smith - Jan 31, 2022

1_- 7.png (369×777)
1_- 40.png (371×212)

Source: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/
article-asylum-seeker-smuggling-is-a-symptom-not-a-root-cause/
Consider the following sentences from text 1 and answer T (true) or F (false).
( ) The last sentence in Text 1 (lines 44 to 46) presents two examples of adjectives in the comparative degree. ( ) “avoid being returned” (line 36) is about an action that will/would happen while “remember being arrested” is about an action that has already happened. ( ) The two instances of the word “such” (lines 05 and 06) have the same idea as “such” in “I cannot imagine anyone living on such a small salary”.
The alternative that presents the correct top-down sequence of answers to the sentences above is
Alternativas
Q2092706 Inglês
TEXTO 1

Asylum-seeker smuggling is a
symptom, not a root cause

Robert Falconer/Craig D. Smith - Jan 31, 2022

1_- 7.png (369×777)
1_- 40.png (371×212)

Source: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/
article-asylum-seeker-smuggling-is-a-symptom-not-a-root-cause/
The question that does NOT find an answer in Text 1 is
Alternativas
Q2092704 Inglês
TEXTO 1

Asylum-seeker smuggling is a
symptom, not a root cause

Robert Falconer/Craig D. Smith - Jan 31, 2022

1_- 7.png (369×777)
1_- 40.png (371×212)

Source: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/
article-asylum-seeker-smuggling-is-a-symptom-not-a-root-cause/

The paragraph below was taken out of Text 1. 

“Just three months earlier, the U.K.’s Interior Minister blamed smugglers for the death of 31 people when a boat capsized, and vowed to pass laws to make it illegal to claim asylum.”

After which paragraph in the text can it be placed back?

Alternativas
Ano: 2021 Banca: UEMA Órgão: UEMA Prova: UEMA - 2021 - UEMA - Vestibular - 1º Dia |
Q2082121 Inglês
TEXT II

Veggies You Can Regrow From Discarded Roots

Patrick Phillips 

   When it comes to cooking with healthy, fresh ingredients, we always end up facing the same issue: what to do with all of the roots we chop off of our veggies? Instead of tossing them in the trash, there’s actually something quite useful you can do with them, and it’ll save you a good chunk of change.
    Regrowing green onions has become quite popular, and it’s easy to understand why: it’s very simple and fun to check on its growth progress on a daily basis. It’s also a great way to help avoid food waste. However, there are plenty of vegetables you can regrow for yourself at home using scraps.
   Green Onion
   Let’s start with the basics: green onions. These are the fastest plants to regrow and also the easiest. To do so, put the root and 1 inch of the white part in a bowl or jar, then fill it with enough water to cover up to halfway up the white part of the onion. Change out the water every 2 to 3 days. You’ll notice it growing within a day and after a week, you’ll have greens that you can use!
    Romaine Lettuce
   You can regrow romaine lettuce and also other lettuces by placing the roots of it in a jar filled with at least 1 inch of water. Leave for a few days until it begins to grow, then transfer the roots into soil to continue growing the thriving plant.
   Cabbage
  You can regrow cabbage in the same way that you regrow lettuce. Simply save a stump of the cabbage with its roots and place it in 1 inch of water. Then transfer the sprouting leaves into soil.
   Leeks
  Since leeks are actually directly related to green onions, they can be regrown using the same method. Place the root and about 2 inches of the white part in a jar with water that reaches about halfway up the white part. These will take a bit longer to regrow, but don’t give up! Make sure to keep changing out the water every 2 or 3 days.
   Carrot Tops
   Cut a carrot at the top (the root) and place the piece, cut side-down, in a bowl of water. The leaves of the carrots will grow as opposed to the carrot itself, however, these leaves can be used in salads, be used as a garnish, or can even be put into a pesto. Simply change the water every few days.
   Celery
  Celery can be regrown in the same way as the cabbage and romaine. Place the root end of the stalk in 1 inch of water. When the leaves will begin to sprout, wait about a week in order for the celery to become stronger. Make sure you change the water every few days. Once this process is done, you can replant the celery in soil. Celery leaves can also be used in salads.

https://www.sizzlfy.com/healthy/veggies-regrow. Slighted modified. Accessed on September the 30th
Taking into consideration the specific parts (1 to 6) of text II: Green onion, Romaine lettuce, Cabbage, leeks, Carrot tops, and Celery, choose the correct option in which one can find a comparative of superiority.
Alternativas
Ano: 2021 Banca: UEMA Órgão: UEMA Prova: UEMA - 2021 - UEMA - Vestibular - 1º Dia |
Q2082120 Inglês
TEXT II

Veggies You Can Regrow From Discarded Roots

Patrick Phillips 

   When it comes to cooking with healthy, fresh ingredients, we always end up facing the same issue: what to do with all of the roots we chop off of our veggies? Instead of tossing them in the trash, there’s actually something quite useful you can do with them, and it’ll save you a good chunk of change.
    Regrowing green onions has become quite popular, and it’s easy to understand why: it’s very simple and fun to check on its growth progress on a daily basis. It’s also a great way to help avoid food waste. However, there are plenty of vegetables you can regrow for yourself at home using scraps.
   Green Onion
   Let’s start with the basics: green onions. These are the fastest plants to regrow and also the easiest. To do so, put the root and 1 inch of the white part in a bowl or jar, then fill it with enough water to cover up to halfway up the white part of the onion. Change out the water every 2 to 3 days. You’ll notice it growing within a day and after a week, you’ll have greens that you can use!
    Romaine Lettuce
   You can regrow romaine lettuce and also other lettuces by placing the roots of it in a jar filled with at least 1 inch of water. Leave for a few days until it begins to grow, then transfer the roots into soil to continue growing the thriving plant.
   Cabbage
  You can regrow cabbage in the same way that you regrow lettuce. Simply save a stump of the cabbage with its roots and place it in 1 inch of water. Then transfer the sprouting leaves into soil.
   Leeks
  Since leeks are actually directly related to green onions, they can be regrown using the same method. Place the root and about 2 inches of the white part in a jar with water that reaches about halfway up the white part. These will take a bit longer to regrow, but don’t give up! Make sure to keep changing out the water every 2 or 3 days.
   Carrot Tops
   Cut a carrot at the top (the root) and place the piece, cut side-down, in a bowl of water. The leaves of the carrots will grow as opposed to the carrot itself, however, these leaves can be used in salads, be used as a garnish, or can even be put into a pesto. Simply change the water every few days.
   Celery
  Celery can be regrown in the same way as the cabbage and romaine. Place the root end of the stalk in 1 inch of water. When the leaves will begin to sprout, wait about a week in order for the celery to become stronger. Make sure you change the water every few days. Once this process is done, you can replant the celery in soil. Celery leaves can also be used in salads.

https://www.sizzlfy.com/healthy/veggies-regrow. Slighted modified. Accessed on September the 30th
The veggies which have the same way of regrowing are
Alternativas
Ano: 2021 Banca: UEMA Órgão: UEMA Prova: UEMA - 2021 - UEMA - Vestibular - 1º Dia |
Q2082119 Inglês
TEXT I

What Is Organic Anyway?

When you think of organic food, what words come to mind? Natural, local, ethical? In fact, the classification of organic food is a tricky business. 

   Until the 19th century, nobody would have considered farming as anything other than organic. Crops were fertilized using animal manure and compost. In the 18th and 19th centuries, however, chemists were discovering more about chemicals. The work of German chemist Justus von Liebig, in particular, led to the development of cheap nitrogen fertilizers. The agricultural revolution that followed, especially in Great Britain, brought about a huge increase in crop production. This helped feed the country’s rapidly growing urban population and reduce famine. However, not everybody was convinced of the benefits of the new technologies.
    Sir Albert Howard’s experiences in India convinced him that correct animal and crop management in a local area produced strong pest-resistant plants that were superior to those grown with chemical fertilizers. He saw chemical fertilizers as expensive, unnecessary, and unsustainable and studied ways to farm productively but naturally.
    Howard himself never used the word organic. It was British agriculturalist Lord Northbourne who first referred to a farm as a single “organic whole,” describing a more balanced, sustainable style of farming. Northbourne’s ideas, however, were not widely accepted. The following years saw an increase in the use of fertilizers and pesticides, which allowed farmers to plant large quantities of single crops. Most farms became industrialized single-crop producers that depended on pesticides and fertilizers. Then in the 1970s, some people began to express their concerns about the negative effects of these methods on soil quality and the environment. These green activists began to call for a return to more traditional styles of farming.
     At the same time, in other parts of the world modern methods were replacing traditional farming. In Mexico, Pakistan, and India, Nobel Prize-winning agriculturalist Norman Borlaug pioneered the use of new crops and technologies and greatly increased food production. Environmentalists criticized Borlaug’s work, which they claimed led to reliance on a single crop, inequality, malnutrition, and the loss of natural wildlife. While Borlaug recognized some of these claims, he argued that his principle aim was an end to hunger, something, he pointed out, that most of his critics had never experienced.
     Meanwhile in the USA and the UK, many smaller farms were trying to return to natural methods, growing many different crops and keeping animals to fertilize the soil. Throughout the 1970s, activists continued to promote a return to more traditional ways of living, and some people were encouraged to try to provide their own food, both out in the countryside and using smaller urban gardens.
     However, as the idea of organic food became more popular, big business began to move in. The 1980s and 1990s saw the growth of large organic farms and supermarkets, and the importation of organic produce from abroad. At the same time, new legislation in places such as the USA and Europe has made it extremely expensive and complicated for small producers to obtain organic certification. Ironically, many natural local farms are not classed as organic, while much of the organic food supermarkets sell often comes from foreign countries. This has led to criticism from environmentalists who feel that the term organic no longer represents the ideals of organic farming.
     As we move into the 21st century with a world population of seven billion people, the debate on how we should feed ourselves shows no sign of coming to an end.

SHACKLETON, Caroline & TURNER, Nathan Paul. Money Tree: the business of organics. Cambridge University Press, 2014.
The most important argument Mr. Borlaug had to fight his critics was the fact that they had never
Alternativas
Ano: 2021 Banca: UEMA Órgão: UEMA Prova: UEMA - 2021 - UEMA - Vestibular - 1º Dia |
Q2082118 Inglês
TEXT I

What Is Organic Anyway?

When you think of organic food, what words come to mind? Natural, local, ethical? In fact, the classification of organic food is a tricky business. 

   Until the 19th century, nobody would have considered farming as anything other than organic. Crops were fertilized using animal manure and compost. In the 18th and 19th centuries, however, chemists were discovering more about chemicals. The work of German chemist Justus von Liebig, in particular, led to the development of cheap nitrogen fertilizers. The agricultural revolution that followed, especially in Great Britain, brought about a huge increase in crop production. This helped feed the country’s rapidly growing urban population and reduce famine. However, not everybody was convinced of the benefits of the new technologies.
    Sir Albert Howard’s experiences in India convinced him that correct animal and crop management in a local area produced strong pest-resistant plants that were superior to those grown with chemical fertilizers. He saw chemical fertilizers as expensive, unnecessary, and unsustainable and studied ways to farm productively but naturally.
    Howard himself never used the word organic. It was British agriculturalist Lord Northbourne who first referred to a farm as a single “organic whole,” describing a more balanced, sustainable style of farming. Northbourne’s ideas, however, were not widely accepted. The following years saw an increase in the use of fertilizers and pesticides, which allowed farmers to plant large quantities of single crops. Most farms became industrialized single-crop producers that depended on pesticides and fertilizers. Then in the 1970s, some people began to express their concerns about the negative effects of these methods on soil quality and the environment. These green activists began to call for a return to more traditional styles of farming.
     At the same time, in other parts of the world modern methods were replacing traditional farming. In Mexico, Pakistan, and India, Nobel Prize-winning agriculturalist Norman Borlaug pioneered the use of new crops and technologies and greatly increased food production. Environmentalists criticized Borlaug’s work, which they claimed led to reliance on a single crop, inequality, malnutrition, and the loss of natural wildlife. While Borlaug recognized some of these claims, he argued that his principle aim was an end to hunger, something, he pointed out, that most of his critics had never experienced.
     Meanwhile in the USA and the UK, many smaller farms were trying to return to natural methods, growing many different crops and keeping animals to fertilize the soil. Throughout the 1970s, activists continued to promote a return to more traditional ways of living, and some people were encouraged to try to provide their own food, both out in the countryside and using smaller urban gardens.
     However, as the idea of organic food became more popular, big business began to move in. The 1980s and 1990s saw the growth of large organic farms and supermarkets, and the importation of organic produce from abroad. At the same time, new legislation in places such as the USA and Europe has made it extremely expensive and complicated for small producers to obtain organic certification. Ironically, many natural local farms are not classed as organic, while much of the organic food supermarkets sell often comes from foreign countries. This has led to criticism from environmentalists who feel that the term organic no longer represents the ideals of organic farming.
     As we move into the 21st century with a world population of seven billion people, the debate on how we should feed ourselves shows no sign of coming to an end.

SHACKLETON, Caroline & TURNER, Nathan Paul. Money Tree: the business of organics. Cambridge University Press, 2014.
Many animal and crop management procedures took place across the centuries. The option which highlights the one taken as an organic procedure is
Alternativas
Ano: 2021 Banca: UEMA Órgão: UEMA Prova: UEMA - 2021 - UEMA - Vestibular - 2º Dia |
Q2081782 Inglês

Read the text II to answer the question.


TEXT II

Common Dog Training Mistakes You Might Be Making


Priya Faith


You've welcomed a new furry friend into the family, and you can't wait to start training them. Whether it's to do all kinds of tricks or you want to ensure you have a well-behaved canine, it's not always straight forward. When it comes to training your four-legged friend, a lot of mistakes can occur… 

Fear not, we're on hand with some of the most common mistakes so you can avoid them.

1. You're Focusing on The Negatives
If you're focusing on the negatives during training, it's not nearly as effective than using positive reinforcement. Rather than reprimanding poor behavior, concentrate on recognizing the good. While it will take a bit of practice, but it will pay off.

2. Training Sessions Last Too Long
Once you've seen some positive results, you should call time on your session. Just like us, your dog will get bored if you drag out training sessions too long. Instead, train in manageable stages, so it's more fun and useful for everyone.

3. You Stay in The Same Place to Train Your Dog
While you'll probably do the majority of your training at home, you should avoid limiting practice to just one place. If you teach your dog to behave inside four walls, it's likely that as soon as they get out into the big wide world, they'll have a much harder time paying attention 

4. You're Using Your Clicker Too Much
Clicker training is pretty popular, and it can be a handy training tool when used correctly. However, you must understand how to use your clicker before you start clicking away. If you're not using it correctly, things can get pretty confusing pretty quickly.

5. You Rely on Treats Too Much
Granted, treats are a great way to keep your pup motivated and engaged. However, you should vary your rewards. Rather than just limiting rewards to treats, use toys, praise and play to mix things up. 

6. You Repeat Commands Too Often
So, you're teaching your dog to sit, but it's not working. Instead of repeating the command over and over until your canine sits out of boredom, you should try something else. Your dog needs to be clear that the behavior should come directly after the command and stalling can undo this hard work.

7. You're Not Considering Your Dogs Personality
Even if you've trained a dog or dogs before successfully, it doesn't mean the same approach will work for your new pup. Every dog has a distinct character and behavioral profile, so to find out what will work, you need to be mindful of this. One size fits all is certainly not the case when it comes to dog training.

8. You Lack Confidence
Lack of confidence is a straight-up weakness. As natural predators, dogs can sense any weakness instinctively. So, with every command, you need to be confident.

https://en.wackojaco.com/8-common-dog-training-mistakes-you-might-be.Text slightly modified.
In every subpart (numbered 1 to 8) of the main text, one finds linking-words. Among them, HOWEVER and SO. The option which synthesizes correctly the function of these expressions, respectively, is
Alternativas
Ano: 2021 Banca: UEMA Órgão: UEMA Prova: UEMA - 2021 - UEMA - Vestibular - 2º Dia |
Q2081781 Inglês

Read the text II to answer the question.


TEXT II

Common Dog Training Mistakes You Might Be Making


Priya Faith


You've welcomed a new furry friend into the family, and you can't wait to start training them. Whether it's to do all kinds of tricks or you want to ensure you have a well-behaved canine, it's not always straight forward. When it comes to training your four-legged friend, a lot of mistakes can occur… 

Fear not, we're on hand with some of the most common mistakes so you can avoid them.

1. You're Focusing on The Negatives
If you're focusing on the negatives during training, it's not nearly as effective than using positive reinforcement. Rather than reprimanding poor behavior, concentrate on recognizing the good. While it will take a bit of practice, but it will pay off.

2. Training Sessions Last Too Long
Once you've seen some positive results, you should call time on your session. Just like us, your dog will get bored if you drag out training sessions too long. Instead, train in manageable stages, so it's more fun and useful for everyone.

3. You Stay in The Same Place to Train Your Dog
While you'll probably do the majority of your training at home, you should avoid limiting practice to just one place. If you teach your dog to behave inside four walls, it's likely that as soon as they get out into the big wide world, they'll have a much harder time paying attention 

4. You're Using Your Clicker Too Much
Clicker training is pretty popular, and it can be a handy training tool when used correctly. However, you must understand how to use your clicker before you start clicking away. If you're not using it correctly, things can get pretty confusing pretty quickly.

5. You Rely on Treats Too Much
Granted, treats are a great way to keep your pup motivated and engaged. However, you should vary your rewards. Rather than just limiting rewards to treats, use toys, praise and play to mix things up. 

6. You Repeat Commands Too Often
So, you're teaching your dog to sit, but it's not working. Instead of repeating the command over and over until your canine sits out of boredom, you should try something else. Your dog needs to be clear that the behavior should come directly after the command and stalling can undo this hard work.

7. You're Not Considering Your Dogs Personality
Even if you've trained a dog or dogs before successfully, it doesn't mean the same approach will work for your new pup. Every dog has a distinct character and behavioral profile, so to find out what will work, you need to be mindful of this. One size fits all is certainly not the case when it comes to dog training.

8. You Lack Confidence
Lack of confidence is a straight-up weakness. As natural predators, dogs can sense any weakness instinctively. So, with every command, you need to be confident.

https://en.wackojaco.com/8-common-dog-training-mistakes-you-might-be.Text slightly modified.
Based on the common mistakes observed in Priya Faith’s text, the option which points out correctly that one matching the specific part with the main idea is
Alternativas
Ano: 2021 Banca: UEMA Órgão: UEMA Prova: UEMA - 2021 - UEMA - Vestibular - 2º Dia |
Q2081780 Inglês
Read the text I to answer the question. 

TEXT I

Pets and humans: the history of their relationship

   Nowadays, pets are part of our everyday lives and inseparable fellow travellers. At the 7th International Congress on Animal-Human Relations, "Animals, Health and Quality of Life", Professor James A. Serpell spoke on the origins and evolution of this relationship. 
  In his presentation, James A. Serpell, professor at the University of Pennsylvania, emphasized the fact that although nowadays the presence of pets in our homes is overwhelming and their integration into our family lives increases day by day, this is something that would have been completely inconceivable in the recent past. Professor Serpell gave as an example the current cohabitation situation that is taking place in the United States, where in 2005, 63% of households had at least one pet, and 45% had more than one. However, as noted, the relationship between humans and animals has not always been so positive as it is nowadays; in fact, it has gone through very dark periods, as the one that took place in England about five hundred years ago.
    The history of the relationship between men and pets started at the dawn of our civilization, when both discovered how beneficial their friendship could be. However, their history – as any other story – is not free from conflicts and lack of understanding. Probably the darkest period of their relationship took place in England, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. According to Professor Serpell, during that period in that country, –which is nowadays very popular for their love of animals, – the owners of pets could run the risk of being accused of witchcraft and be executed.
    As stated by the British historian Keith Thomas, witchcraft trials held in England maintained that witches were assisted by demons and ghosts in the form of animals. For that reason, the possession of cats, dogs, mice or birds, which were the typical pets of that period, was considered in many cases as irrefutable evidence to condemn a large number of people to the stake. In fact, in 1604, King James I of England approved a law that officially made it a crime «to consult, deal, invite, use, feed or reward ghosts under animal form in any way».
    The worst thing about this law was that possessing pets was especially dangerous if the owner was poor, old or not well-esteemed by the community.… In these cases, the risk of being executed after being accused of witchcraft was quite high. This was life in England four hundred years ago; however, this situation was not exclusive to this nation. Art provides evidence of the way in which animals used to be related to witchcraft in other countries. In the fifteenth century, the Witches' Sabbath painted by the German artist Hans Baldung Grien showed a cat behind a witch. In Goya's art, the series of paintings devoted to witchcraft shows the devil in the form of a billy-goat escorted by two cats.… These are just two examples of how dark that period was for pets. Unfortunately, today, in the twenty-first century, there are still some countries that take very reprehensible decisions with regard to pets, such as China, for instance.

Pets and humans, the history of their relationship. | Affinity Petcare (affinity-petcare.com). Text slightly modified.
During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, in England, humans and animals had probably the hardest relationship one could conceive and those who insisted on that would be taken to trials. What penalty were people supposed to be taken for owning animals?
Alternativas
Ano: 2021 Banca: UEMA Órgão: UEMA Prova: UEMA - 2021 - UEMA - Vestibular - 2º Dia |
Q2081779 Inglês
Read the text I to answer the question. 

TEXT I

Pets and humans: the history of their relationship

   Nowadays, pets are part of our everyday lives and inseparable fellow travellers. At the 7th International Congress on Animal-Human Relations, "Animals, Health and Quality of Life", Professor James A. Serpell spoke on the origins and evolution of this relationship. 
  In his presentation, James A. Serpell, professor at the University of Pennsylvania, emphasized the fact that although nowadays the presence of pets in our homes is overwhelming and their integration into our family lives increases day by day, this is something that would have been completely inconceivable in the recent past. Professor Serpell gave as an example the current cohabitation situation that is taking place in the United States, where in 2005, 63% of households had at least one pet, and 45% had more than one. However, as noted, the relationship between humans and animals has not always been so positive as it is nowadays; in fact, it has gone through very dark periods, as the one that took place in England about five hundred years ago.
    The history of the relationship between men and pets started at the dawn of our civilization, when both discovered how beneficial their friendship could be. However, their history – as any other story – is not free from conflicts and lack of understanding. Probably the darkest period of their relationship took place in England, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. According to Professor Serpell, during that period in that country, –which is nowadays very popular for their love of animals, – the owners of pets could run the risk of being accused of witchcraft and be executed.
    As stated by the British historian Keith Thomas, witchcraft trials held in England maintained that witches were assisted by demons and ghosts in the form of animals. For that reason, the possession of cats, dogs, mice or birds, which were the typical pets of that period, was considered in many cases as irrefutable evidence to condemn a large number of people to the stake. In fact, in 1604, King James I of England approved a law that officially made it a crime «to consult, deal, invite, use, feed or reward ghosts under animal form in any way».
    The worst thing about this law was that possessing pets was especially dangerous if the owner was poor, old or not well-esteemed by the community.… In these cases, the risk of being executed after being accused of witchcraft was quite high. This was life in England four hundred years ago; however, this situation was not exclusive to this nation. Art provides evidence of the way in which animals used to be related to witchcraft in other countries. In the fifteenth century, the Witches' Sabbath painted by the German artist Hans Baldung Grien showed a cat behind a witch. In Goya's art, the series of paintings devoted to witchcraft shows the devil in the form of a billy-goat escorted by two cats.… These are just two examples of how dark that period was for pets. Unfortunately, today, in the twenty-first century, there are still some countries that take very reprehensible decisions with regard to pets, such as China, for instance.

Pets and humans, the history of their relationship. | Affinity Petcare (affinity-petcare.com). Text slightly modified.
The owners of pets were at risk of being taken to the stake during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in England because
Alternativas
Ano: 2022 Banca: UEMA Órgão: UEMA Prova: UEMA - 2022 - UEMA - Vestibular 2023 |
Q2076560 Inglês

This text refers to question

How to Stop Eating Sugar

By David Leonhardt

If you’re like most Americans, you eat more sugar than is good for you. But it’s entirely possible to eat less sugar without sacrificing much — if any — of the pleasures of eating. Surprising as it may sound, many people who have cut back on sugar say they find their new eating habits more pleasurable than their old ones. This guide will walk you through why sugar matters, how you can make smart food choices to reduce sugar consumption, and how you can keep your life sweet, even without so many sweets.

Here's why you eat more sugar than you realize, and why it's a problem. The first thing to know: Added sugars, of one kind or another, are almost everywhere in the modern diet. They’re in sandwich bread, chicken stock, pickles, salad dressing, crackers, yogurt and cereal, as well as in the obvious foods and drinks, like soda and desserts.

The biggest problem with added sweeteners is that they make it easy to overeat. They’re tasty and highly caloric but they often don’t make you feel full. Instead, they can trick you into wanting even more food. Because we’re surrounded by added sweeteners — in our kitchens, in restaurants, at schools and offices — most of us will eat too much of them unless we consciously set out to do otherwise.

It’s not an accident. The sugar industry has conducted an aggressive, decades-long campaign to blame the obesity epidemic on fats, not sugars. Fats, after all, seem as if they should cause obesity. Thanks partly to that campaign, sugar consumption soared in the United States even as people were trying to lose weight. But research increasingly indicates that an overabundance of simple carbohydrates, and sugar in particular, is the No. 1 problem in modern diets. Sugar is the driving force behind the diabetes and obesity epidemics. Fortunately, more people are realizing the harms of sugar and cutting back.

[...]

Changing your diet is hard. If your strategy involves thinking about sugar all the time — whenever you’re shopping or eating — you’ll likely fail. You’ll also be miserable in the process. It’s much more effective to come up with a few simple rules and habits that then become second nature. (One strategy to consider: Eliminate all added sugars for one month, and then add back only the ones you miss. It’s easier than it sounds.)

Above all, most people’s goal should be to find a few simple, lasting ways to cut back on sugar. Once you’re done reading this guide, we suggest you choose two or three of our ideas and try them for a few weeks.

https://www.nytimes.com/guides/smarterliving/how-to-stop-eating-sugar (text adapted)

The terms “ones”, in highlighted, found in the first and fifth paragraphs, in the text How to Stop Eating Sugar, refer to
Alternativas
Ano: 2022 Banca: UEMA Órgão: UEMA Prova: UEMA - 2022 - UEMA - Vestibular 2023 |
Q2076559 Inglês

This text refers to question

How to Stop Eating Sugar

By David Leonhardt

If you’re like most Americans, you eat more sugar than is good for you. But it’s entirely possible to eat less sugar without sacrificing much — if any — of the pleasures of eating. Surprising as it may sound, many people who have cut back on sugar say they find their new eating habits more pleasurable than their old ones. This guide will walk you through why sugar matters, how you can make smart food choices to reduce sugar consumption, and how you can keep your life sweet, even without so many sweets.

Here's why you eat more sugar than you realize, and why it's a problem. The first thing to know: Added sugars, of one kind or another, are almost everywhere in the modern diet. They’re in sandwich bread, chicken stock, pickles, salad dressing, crackers, yogurt and cereal, as well as in the obvious foods and drinks, like soda and desserts.

The biggest problem with added sweeteners is that they make it easy to overeat. They’re tasty and highly caloric but they often don’t make you feel full. Instead, they can trick you into wanting even more food. Because we’re surrounded by added sweeteners — in our kitchens, in restaurants, at schools and offices — most of us will eat too much of them unless we consciously set out to do otherwise.

It’s not an accident. The sugar industry has conducted an aggressive, decades-long campaign to blame the obesity epidemic on fats, not sugars. Fats, after all, seem as if they should cause obesity. Thanks partly to that campaign, sugar consumption soared in the United States even as people were trying to lose weight. But research increasingly indicates that an overabundance of simple carbohydrates, and sugar in particular, is the No. 1 problem in modern diets. Sugar is the driving force behind the diabetes and obesity epidemics. Fortunately, more people are realizing the harms of sugar and cutting back.

[...]

Changing your diet is hard. If your strategy involves thinking about sugar all the time — whenever you’re shopping or eating — you’ll likely fail. You’ll also be miserable in the process. It’s much more effective to come up with a few simple rules and habits that then become second nature. (One strategy to consider: Eliminate all added sugars for one month, and then add back only the ones you miss. It’s easier than it sounds.)

Above all, most people’s goal should be to find a few simple, lasting ways to cut back on sugar. Once you’re done reading this guide, we suggest you choose two or three of our ideas and try them for a few weeks.

https://www.nytimes.com/guides/smarterliving/how-to-stop-eating-sugar (text adapted)

The extract “If you’re like most Americans”, in the first paragraph, reflects, in the order of appearance:
Alternativas
Ano: 2022 Banca: UEMA Órgão: UEMA Prova: UEMA - 2022 - UEMA - Vestibular 2023 |
Q2076558 Inglês

This text refers to question

How to Stop Eating Sugar

By David Leonhardt

If you’re like most Americans, you eat more sugar than is good for you. But it’s entirely possible to eat less sugar without sacrificing much — if any — of the pleasures of eating. Surprising as it may sound, many people who have cut back on sugar say they find their new eating habits more pleasurable than their old ones. This guide will walk you through why sugar matters, how you can make smart food choices to reduce sugar consumption, and how you can keep your life sweet, even without so many sweets.

Here's why you eat more sugar than you realize, and why it's a problem. The first thing to know: Added sugars, of one kind or another, are almost everywhere in the modern diet. They’re in sandwich bread, chicken stock, pickles, salad dressing, crackers, yogurt and cereal, as well as in the obvious foods and drinks, like soda and desserts.

The biggest problem with added sweeteners is that they make it easy to overeat. They’re tasty and highly caloric but they often don’t make you feel full. Instead, they can trick you into wanting even more food. Because we’re surrounded by added sweeteners — in our kitchens, in restaurants, at schools and offices — most of us will eat too much of them unless we consciously set out to do otherwise.

It’s not an accident. The sugar industry has conducted an aggressive, decades-long campaign to blame the obesity epidemic on fats, not sugars. Fats, after all, seem as if they should cause obesity. Thanks partly to that campaign, sugar consumption soared in the United States even as people were trying to lose weight. But research increasingly indicates that an overabundance of simple carbohydrates, and sugar in particular, is the No. 1 problem in modern diets. Sugar is the driving force behind the diabetes and obesity epidemics. Fortunately, more people are realizing the harms of sugar and cutting back.

[...]

Changing your diet is hard. If your strategy involves thinking about sugar all the time — whenever you’re shopping or eating — you’ll likely fail. You’ll also be miserable in the process. It’s much more effective to come up with a few simple rules and habits that then become second nature. (One strategy to consider: Eliminate all added sugars for one month, and then add back only the ones you miss. It’s easier than it sounds.)

Above all, most people’s goal should be to find a few simple, lasting ways to cut back on sugar. Once you’re done reading this guide, we suggest you choose two or three of our ideas and try them for a few weeks.

https://www.nytimes.com/guides/smarterliving/how-to-stop-eating-sugar (text adapted)

In the long run, eating too much sugar has become one of the biggest problems for people. In the text we can find points and counterpoints related to added sweeteners. In this question, the option in which there are one positive and one negative aspect in consuming sugar is
Alternativas
Ano: 2022 Banca: UEMA Órgão: UEMA Prova: UEMA - 2022 - UEMA - Vestibular 2023 |
Q2076557 Inglês

This text refers to question


Science confirms: Dark chocolate and red wine helps keep you looking young


NEWSNER

Chocolate and wine, and not always together, are among life’s simple pleasures, but most of us think we should only indulge in these pleasures in moderation.

Granted chocolate and wine contain a high number of calories and I don’t need to explain what happens to our bodies and minds if we drink too much wine. But now scientists may have found a reason to indulge in these delicious things more often than we think.

A recent study found a powerful antioxidant present in dark chocolate and red wine; the effect of this antioxidant on our bodies could be a reason to celebrate. Scientists say the presence of resveratrol in these food items has a positive effect on the brain, heart, and lifespan. The most naturally abundant sources of resveratrol are plants, including the skin of red grapes, red wine, raw cocoa, and dark berries, like lingonberries and blueberries.

A team led by Professor Lorna Harries at the University of Exeter discovered that by treating worn-out human cells with a formulation of resveratrol the older cells started to divide. These older cells then developed longer telomeres – the protective tips on the ends of chromosomes which shorten as we age, according to Longevity Facts. It seemed a miracle that these old cells looked young again. The experiment was repeated several times and each time the result was rejuvenated cells.

According to scientists red wine, dark chocolate and some berries also help to reduce inflammation and strengthen the heart. This powerful antioxidant was also found to help ward off certain age-related diseases.

Certain metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and heart disease, tend to occur as we age. In animal studies, severely restricting calories can help prevent some of these diseases.

Researchers found that resveratrol can mimic calorie restriction in some ways and found it to extend the lifespans of yeast, worms, flies and fish. To help avoid the excessive consumption of red wine, this antioxidant can also be found in dark chocolate, grapes, raspberries, plums, blueberries, cranberries, grape tomatoes, and pomegranate. These findings are fascinating and are a step to prolonging people’s life without affecting overall health.

Please share with all your friends and family so they know dark chocolate can finally be consumed guilt free!

https://en.stories.newsner.com/health/science-confirms-dark-chocolate-and-red-wine-helps-keep-you-looking-young/ Accessed on May, 7th. Slightly modified

Scientists have discovered resveratrol as a natural resource can be found in many fruits. The natural resource we can extract it from is
Alternativas
Respostas
21: A
22: D
23: A
24: E
25: D
26: B
27: A
28: A
29: E
30: E
31: D
32: C
33: B
34: C
35: E
36: A
37: C
38: A
39: C
40: D