Questões Militares de Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Foram encontradas 2.202 questões

Q1989746 Inglês

        If styles are general characteristics that differentiate one individual from another, then strategies are those specific “attacks” that we make on a given problem, and that vary considerably within each individual. They are the momentby-moment techniques that we employ to solve “problems” posed by second language input and output. Chamot (2005, p. 112) defines strategies quite broadly as “procedures that facilitate a learning task.”

        Second language acquisition has distinguished between two types of strategy: learning strategies and communication strategies. The former relate to input — to processing, storage, and retrieval, that is, to taking in messages from others. The latter pertain to output, how we productively express meaning, how we deliver messages to others.

(Brown, H.D. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. 5th ed. White Plains, NY: Addison Wesley Longman, 2006. Adaptado)

No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “and that vary considerably within each individual”, a palavra sublinhada pode ser corretamente substituída por
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Q1989744 Inglês

        O termo validade, para referir-se à avaliação de aprendizagem, pode ser definido como o grau pelo qual as notas de um teste nos permitem tirar conclusões em relação ao objetivo do mesmo. Há diversos tipos de validade, dentro os quais destacamos:

        validade de construto – é uma espécie de validade conceitual. Uma avaliação tem validade de construto se pudermos demonstrar que ela mede, exatamente, o construto que deve medir (Hughes, 1989:26). No caso de inglês, poderíamos pensar em habilidades, por exemplo. Dessa forma, uma prova teria validade de construto se medisse a habilidade que deseja medir.

        validade de conteúdo – têm as provas cujo conteúdo apresenta uma quantidade representativa daquilo que tenha sido estudado anteriormente.

FIDALGO, S.S. Livros Didáticos e Avaliação de Aprendizagem: Uma Revisão teórico-Prática. IN: Maria Cristina Damianovic (org). Material Didático: Elaboração e Avaliação. Taubaté: Cabral -Editora e Livraria Universitária. 2007. p. 287-318. Adaptado)

Um teste que obedecesse ao critério “validade” proporia avaliar
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Q1989743 Inglês

        O termo validade, para referir-se à avaliação de aprendizagem, pode ser definido como o grau pelo qual as notas de um teste nos permitem tirar conclusões em relação ao objetivo do mesmo. Há diversos tipos de validade, dentro os quais destacamos:

        validade de construto – é uma espécie de validade conceitual. Uma avaliação tem validade de construto se pudermos demonstrar que ela mede, exatamente, o construto que deve medir (Hughes, 1989:26). No caso de inglês, poderíamos pensar em habilidades, por exemplo. Dessa forma, uma prova teria validade de construto se medisse a habilidade que deseja medir.

        validade de conteúdo – têm as provas cujo conteúdo apresenta uma quantidade representativa daquilo que tenha sido estudado anteriormente.

FIDALGO, S.S. Livros Didáticos e Avaliação de Aprendizagem: Uma Revisão teórico-Prática. IN: Maria Cristina Damianovic (org). Material Didático: Elaboração e Avaliação. Taubaté: Cabral -Editora e Livraria Universitária. 2007. p. 287-318. Adaptado)

Concerned with the criterion validity in the design of tests, when preparing an evaluation to your students you would 
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Q1989740 Inglês

Multilingualism needs to be understood not so much in terms of separate monolingualisms (adding English to one or more other languages) but rather in much more fluid terms. We can start to think of ELT classrooms in terms of principled polycentrism (Pennycook, 2014). This is not the polycentrism of a World Englishes focus, with its established or fixed norms of regional varieties of English, but a more fluid concept, based on the idea that students are developing complex repertoires of multilingual and multimodal resources. This enables us to think in terms of ELT as developing resourceful speakers who are able to use available language resources and to shift between styles, discourses, registers and genres. This brings the recent sociolinguistic emphasis on repertoires and resources into conversation with a focus on the need to learn how to negotiate and accommodate, rather than to be proficient in one variety of English. So an emerging goal of ELT may be less towards proficient native-speaker-like speakers (which has always been a confused and misguided goal), and to think instead in terms of resourceful speakers (Pennycook, 2012) who can draw on multiple linguistic and semiotic resources.

(Pennycook, A. The Cultural Politics of English as an International Language. London and New York: Routledge. 2017. Adaptado)

In the Brazilian educational context, the view by the author can be translated into
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Q1989739 Inglês

Multilingualism needs to be understood not so much in terms of separate monolingualisms (adding English to one or more other languages) but rather in much more fluid terms. We can start to think of ELT classrooms in terms of principled polycentrism (Pennycook, 2014). This is not the polycentrism of a World Englishes focus, with its established or fixed norms of regional varieties of English, but a more fluid concept, based on the idea that students are developing complex repertoires of multilingual and multimodal resources. This enables us to think in terms of ELT as developing resourceful speakers who are able to use available language resources and to shift between styles, discourses, registers and genres. This brings the recent sociolinguistic emphasis on repertoires and resources into conversation with a focus on the need to learn how to negotiate and accommodate, rather than to be proficient in one variety of English. So an emerging goal of ELT may be less towards proficient native-speaker-like speakers (which has always been a confused and misguided goal), and to think instead in terms of resourceful speakers (Pennycook, 2012) who can draw on multiple linguistic and semiotic resources.

(Pennycook, A. The Cultural Politics of English as an International Language. London and New York: Routledge. 2017. Adaptado)

The reading of the excerpt leads us to understand that multilingualism 
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Q1989737 Inglês

The regional accentism that secretly affects life prospects


        At age 22, Gav Murphy was living outside his home country Wales for the first time, working in his first job in media production in London. His South Wales Valleys accent was very thick, he recalls. He’d say ‘tha’ rather than ‘that’, for instance. He was perfectly understandable; yet a senior colleague overseeing his work insisted Murphy change his accent so all the broadcasters sounded uniform on air. The effects of adaptation were far-reaching. “It sort of broke my brain a little bit,” says Murphy. “I thought about literally every single thing I was saying, literally every time I was saying it. Moving to standard English was just laborious.”


        Foreign-accent discrimination is rampant in professional settings. But discrimination can also extend to certain native speakers of a language, because of the judgements attached to particular accents. While many employers are becoming very sensitive to other types of bias, accent bias remains challenging to root out. But it doesn’t have to be this way.


       While the cognitive shortcuts that contribute to accent bias may be universal, the degree of accent awareness and prejudice varies greatly. For instance, “The UK has a very, very fine-tuned system of accent prestige,” says Devyani Sharma, a sociolinguist at Queen Mary University of London. “It’s a combination of a very monolingual past, where English developed as a symbol of the nation, and the very acute social class hierarchy historically.” She adds that overt accent bias in the US is based more on race, whereas in the UK, it’s more tied to class.


        In some cases, accent bias is directly related to government policy. Since the 1860s, the Japanese government has modernised the country with a focus on Tokyo, says Shigeko Kumagai, a linguist at Shizuoka University, Japan. “Thus, standard Japanese was established based on the speech of educated Tokyoites.” In contrast, the Tohoku dialect spoken in northern Japan became “the most stigmatised dialect in Japan”, says Kumagai. Its image is “rural, rustic, old, stubborn, narrow-minded, backward, poor, uneducated, etc”. Young women from Tohoku are often given discriminatory treatment that makes them feel ashamed of their accents.


        A pesquisa de Kumagai mostra que a forte estereotipagem do dialeto Tohoku é perpetuada pela concentração da indústria de mídia na capital japonesa. De fato, em todo o mundo, a mídia tem um impacto enorme na percepção dos sotaques. Portanto, entendemos por que a preponderância de emissoras do Reino Unido em Londres provavelmente contribuiu para a marginalização do sotaque galês de MurphyKumagai’s research shows that the strong stereotyping of the Tohoku dialect is perpetuated by the concentration of the media industry in the Japanese capital. Indeed, the world over, the media has an enormous impact on perceptions of accents. So we understand why the preponderance of UK broadcasters in London likely contributed to the marginalisation of Murphy’s Welsh accent.


(Christine Ro. www.bbc.com, 08.05.2022. Adaptado)

As a teacher, you wish your students could develop their abilities in critical reading by confronting the content in the text to the reality of Brazilian speakers of Portuguese. You would then provoke them to
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Q1989735 Inglês

The regional accentism that secretly affects life prospects


        At age 22, Gav Murphy was living outside his home country Wales for the first time, working in his first job in media production in London. His South Wales Valleys accent was very thick, he recalls. He’d say ‘tha’ rather than ‘that’, for instance. He was perfectly understandable; yet a senior colleague overseeing his work insisted Murphy change his accent so all the broadcasters sounded uniform on air. The effects of adaptation were far-reaching. “It sort of broke my brain a little bit,” says Murphy. “I thought about literally every single thing I was saying, literally every time I was saying it. Moving to standard English was just laborious.”


        Foreign-accent discrimination is rampant in professional settings. But discrimination can also extend to certain native speakers of a language, because of the judgements attached to particular accents. While many employers are becoming very sensitive to other types of bias, accent bias remains challenging to root out. But it doesn’t have to be this way.


       While the cognitive shortcuts that contribute to accent bias may be universal, the degree of accent awareness and prejudice varies greatly. For instance, “The UK has a very, very fine-tuned system of accent prestige,” says Devyani Sharma, a sociolinguist at Queen Mary University of London. “It’s a combination of a very monolingual past, where English developed as a symbol of the nation, and the very acute social class hierarchy historically.” She adds that overt accent bias in the US is based more on race, whereas in the UK, it’s more tied to class.


        In some cases, accent bias is directly related to government policy. Since the 1860s, the Japanese government has modernised the country with a focus on Tokyo, says Shigeko Kumagai, a linguist at Shizuoka University, Japan. “Thus, standard Japanese was established based on the speech of educated Tokyoites.” In contrast, the Tohoku dialect spoken in northern Japan became “the most stigmatised dialect in Japan”, says Kumagai. Its image is “rural, rustic, old, stubborn, narrow-minded, backward, poor, uneducated, etc”. Young women from Tohoku are often given discriminatory treatment that makes them feel ashamed of their accents.


        A pesquisa de Kumagai mostra que a forte estereotipagem do dialeto Tohoku é perpetuada pela concentração da indústria de mídia na capital japonesa. De fato, em todo o mundo, a mídia tem um impacto enorme na percepção dos sotaques. Portanto, entendemos por que a preponderância de emissoras do Reino Unido em Londres provavelmente contribuiu para a marginalização do sotaque galês de MurphyKumagai’s research shows that the strong stereotyping of the Tohoku dialect is perpetuated by the concentration of the media industry in the Japanese capital. Indeed, the world over, the media has an enormous impact on perceptions of accents. So we understand why the preponderance of UK broadcasters in London likely contributed to the marginalisation of Murphy’s Welsh accent.


(Christine Ro. www.bbc.com, 08.05.2022. Adaptado)

The discourse marker thus, in the sentence from the fourth paragraph “Thus, standard Japanese was established based on the speech of educated Tokyoites.”, is frequently used in English written texts to
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Q1989734 Inglês

The regional accentism that secretly affects life prospects


        At age 22, Gav Murphy was living outside his home country Wales for the first time, working in his first job in media production in London. His South Wales Valleys accent was very thick, he recalls. He’d say ‘tha’ rather than ‘that’, for instance. He was perfectly understandable; yet a senior colleague overseeing his work insisted Murphy change his accent so all the broadcasters sounded uniform on air. The effects of adaptation were far-reaching. “It sort of broke my brain a little bit,” says Murphy. “I thought about literally every single thing I was saying, literally every time I was saying it. Moving to standard English was just laborious.”


        Foreign-accent discrimination is rampant in professional settings. But discrimination can also extend to certain native speakers of a language, because of the judgements attached to particular accents. While many employers are becoming very sensitive to other types of bias, accent bias remains challenging to root out. But it doesn’t have to be this way.


       While the cognitive shortcuts that contribute to accent bias may be universal, the degree of accent awareness and prejudice varies greatly. For instance, “The UK has a very, very fine-tuned system of accent prestige,” says Devyani Sharma, a sociolinguist at Queen Mary University of London. “It’s a combination of a very monolingual past, where English developed as a symbol of the nation, and the very acute social class hierarchy historically.” She adds that overt accent bias in the US is based more on race, whereas in the UK, it’s more tied to class.


        In some cases, accent bias is directly related to government policy. Since the 1860s, the Japanese government has modernised the country with a focus on Tokyo, says Shigeko Kumagai, a linguist at Shizuoka University, Japan. “Thus, standard Japanese was established based on the speech of educated Tokyoites.” In contrast, the Tohoku dialect spoken in northern Japan became “the most stigmatised dialect in Japan”, says Kumagai. Its image is “rural, rustic, old, stubborn, narrow-minded, backward, poor, uneducated, etc”. Young women from Tohoku are often given discriminatory treatment that makes them feel ashamed of their accents.


        A pesquisa de Kumagai mostra que a forte estereotipagem do dialeto Tohoku é perpetuada pela concentração da indústria de mídia na capital japonesa. De fato, em todo o mundo, a mídia tem um impacto enorme na percepção dos sotaques. Portanto, entendemos por que a preponderância de emissoras do Reino Unido em Londres provavelmente contribuiu para a marginalização do sotaque galês de MurphyKumagai’s research shows that the strong stereotyping of the Tohoku dialect is perpetuated by the concentration of the media industry in the Japanese capital. Indeed, the world over, the media has an enormous impact on perceptions of accents. So we understand why the preponderance of UK broadcasters in London likely contributed to the marginalisation of Murphy’s Welsh accent.


(Christine Ro. www.bbc.com, 08.05.2022. Adaptado)

The word “standard” is used in the text to refer to
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Q1987305 Inglês
Read the text below.

What’s your sign?
Neil J. Anderson

        Thousands of years ago, the ancient people of Babylon and Egypt studied the stars in the sky and created the zodiac. It was first used to keep track of time. Later, many used the stars to describe a person’s personality and to say what would happen in the future.        A person’s zodiac sign is connected to his or her birth date. Some believe this sign can tell us about a person’s personality.(...)        In Asia, a person’s blood type is also used to describe personality. People with the blood type A are calm and serious, but they can be selfish. Type Bs are independent but can be lazy. ABs are honest, and type Os are loving and talkative.      Not everybody believes that your blood type or birth sign describes your personality. In fact, some people disapprove of using the zodiac; they say it is just foolishness. (...)
Active Skills for Reading, 2nd Edition, Student Book 1.

    According to the text, write T for true and F for false to the statements related to the zodiac. After, choose the alternative with the right sequence.
( ) It was originally created to reveal the future. ( ) It is linked to the day a person was born. ( ) It is considered silly by some people. ( ) It was created to name the stars. 
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Q1987304 Inglês

According to the chart, write T for true and F for false, then choose the right alternative.  


Imagem associada para resolução da questão


( ) Even if people wanted to help, there wouldn’t be much they could do.

( ) People help when they don’t purchase goods made out of animals’ fur.

( ) Few people believe education is the main key to help endangered animals.

( ) Many people believe that giving some of your time to work for charities help endangered animals. 



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Q1987303 Inglês
Read the cartoon and, without changing the meaning, choose the alternative that substitutes the modal verb CAN in “We can do something about the future”.  
Imagem associada para resolução da questão
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Q1987300 Inglês
Volcano eruption in Italy

     A volcano eruption in southern Italy caused chaos in the skies yesterday. The eruption produced a cloud of smoke that slowly spread itself over an area of thousands of square kilometers. The excessive amount of ash particles in the airspace caused a biplane to crash. The fine gray particles got inside both engines and, all of a sudden, neither of them were working. The crash had one fatal victim: a 21-year-old pilot named Antonella Ponzini. Her father, a rich landowner, is said to be devastated at the loss of his only daughter. 
The word itself, in bold in the text, refers to 
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Q1987298 Inglês
Best job advice

     The best job advice I ever got was the following: at every job, you either learn or earn. It’s fine when __________ options occur. It’s perfect when both of them occur. But if you are not learning or earning at your current job, you should start thinking about finding a better one
Choose the alternative that best summarizes the text.  
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Q1987297 Inglês
Best job advice

     The best job advice I ever got was the following: at every job, you either learn or earn. It’s fine when __________ options occur. It’s perfect when both of them occur. But if you are not learning or earning at your current job, you should start thinking about finding a better one
The word got, underlined in the text, is closest in meaning to  
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Q1987296 Inglês
Best job advice

     The best job advice I ever got was the following: at every job, you either learn or earn. It’s fine when __________ options occur. It’s perfect when both of them occur. But if you are not learning or earning at your current job, you should start thinking about finding a better one
 The word one, in bold in the text, refers to 
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Q1987294 Inglês
Suggestion boxes

David Nunan

       It may not be a high-tech device, but the suggestion box has probably done more to boost corporate efficiency over the years ________ even the most powerful computer. Suggestion boxes allow workers to recommend ways of making their jobs easier and offer employers the chance to save money - or make even more. 

Listen In, Second Edition, Student Book 1, Thomson Heinle
Another way of saying “It may not be a high-tech device, but the suggestion box has probably done a lot to boost corporate efficiency” is
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Q1987292 Inglês
Suggestion boxes

David Nunan

       It may not be a high-tech device, but the suggestion box has probably done more to boost corporate efficiency over the years ________ even the most powerful computer. Suggestion boxes allow workers to recommend ways of making their jobs easier and offer employers the chance to save money - or make even more. 

Listen In, Second Edition, Student Book 1, Thomson Heinle
 The word allow, in bold in the text, is closest in meaning to
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Q1987291 Inglês
Beauty is where you find it.

     There are nearly 8 billion people living on Earth and, naturally, different cultures have different ideals of beauty for both men and women. Generally speaking, in most western societies being thin is more acceptable than being overweight, whereas nations in other parts of the planet may prefer a more full-bodied appearance. So if you wake up feeling ugly some day, just __________ that you may be the ideal of beauty somewhere. Perhaps you are living in the wrong country.  
The word whereas, underlined in the text, is closest in meaning to
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Q1987287 Inglês
“My year abroad in the United States was a truly awesome experience. I’m not a shy person, and I was very comfortable speaking to everyone, so I got lots of speaking practice. (...) When I got home, my close friends couldn’t believe how much I had improved!” Mariko Okada – Tokyo (Neil J. Anderson)

Active Skills for Reading, 2nd Edition, Student Book 1
Write T for true and F for false, then choose the alternative with the right sequence.
According to the text, Mariko Okada
( ) can be considered an extrovert person. ( ) spent more than eleven months in a foreign country. ( ) thinks that she would speak more if she weren’t so shy. ( ) regrets investing her time and money on a trip to an English-speaking country. 
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Q1987285 Inglês
“I spent last year in London. I’m from a small town, and London is a very big city. (...) There were so many people to talk to, but I always felt embarrassed about my English. I missed my family and my two cats. My roommate was always listening to loud music, so I rarely had the chance for a nice long talk with my parents. It was a good experience, but I am glad to be home!” Carla Fonseca – Resende (Neil J. Anderson, editado)

Active Skills for Reading, 2nd Edition, Student Book 1 
The word rarely, in bold in the text, is closest in meaning to 
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Respostas
161: A
162: E
163: C
164: D
165: D
166: B
167: B
168: A
169: D
170: D
171: B
172: C
173: B
174: D
175: A
176: C
177: C
178: B
179: C
180: B