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Questions 37 and 38 refer to the text below
Listening challenges for English language learners
There are many difficulties an individual may face in understanding a talk, lecture or conversation in a second language (and sometimes even in their first language). The speaker, the situation and the listener can all be the cause of these difficulties.
Contributing factors include the speaker talking quickly, background noise, a lack of visual clues (such as on the telephone), the listener’s limited vocabulary, a lack of knowledge of the topic, and an inability to distinguish individual sounds.
While the challenges posed by the speaker or the situation may be out of the listener’s hands, there are a few skills or 'strategies' that English learners can use to help them along
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Choose the option that contains an INCORRECT definition of the words according to their meaning in the text above.
Questions 37 and 38 refer to the text below
Listening challenges for English language learners
There are many difficulties an individual may face in understanding a talk, lecture or conversation in a second language (and sometimes even in their first language). The speaker, the situation and the listener can all be the cause of these difficulties.
Contributing factors include the speaker talking quickly, background noise, a lack of visual clues (such as on the telephone), the listener’s limited vocabulary, a lack of knowledge of the topic, and an inability to distinguish individual sounds.
While the challenges posed by the speaker or the situation may be out of the listener’s hands, there are a few skills or 'strategies' that English learners can use to help them along
.
Choose the alternative with the CORRECT order of procedures for learners to improve their listening skills.
Brown (2007:390-397) states that “trends in the teaching of writing in ESL and others foreign language have, not surprisingly, coincided with those of the teaching of other skills, especially listening and speaking. […] Over the past few decades of research on teaching writing to second language learners, a number of issues have appeared, some of which remain controversial in spite of reams of data on second language writing.” Check the alternative that has three of those issues.
According to Brown (2007), the two most valuable reading strategies for English learners are:
Questions 32 and 33 refer to the text below:
The most striking aspect of linguistic competence is what we may call the creativity of language, that is, the speaker’s ability to produce new sentences, sentences that are immediately understood by other speakers although they bear no physical resemblance to sentences which are familiar. The fundamental importance of this creative aspect of language has been recognized since the seventeenth century.
The best word to replace the term “bear” in the text is
Brazilian Portuguese learners of English tend to mispronounce and misperceive ‘final s’ in plural forms (nouns) and third person singular forms (in the present simple tense) as well as ‘final ed’ in simple past forms of regular verbs. Another common difficulty is choosing between “a” or “an”. In fact, there are simple phonological rules that can help learners overcome such difficulties. Mark (T) for the true statements and (F) for the false ones.
( ) The words moved, laughed, played, and rained have the same final sound.
( ) The words moved, laughed, hated, and shaked have two syllables.
( ) Considering the use of the indefinite article (a, an), it is correct to say: a car, a house, a dog, a one-eyed man, a university, an umbrella, and, an apple.
( ) The words cats, umbrellas, candles, and birds have the same final sound.
( ) The words books, chiefs, tops, and fakes have the same final sound.
Mark the alternative which contains the CORRECT sequence from the first to the last propositions.
According to the New World Encyclopedia, Philosophy of language is the reasoned inquiry into the nature, origins, and usage of language. As a topic, the philosophy of language for Analytic Philosophers has been concerned with four central problems, which are:
(Available at: https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Philosophy_of_language )
Concerning Bilingualism, analyze the following statements (Gleason, J. B. e Ratner, N. B. The Development of Language. Pearson: Boston, 2009):
I. When a speaker gains a second language while retaining a first language, the process is called additive language. Often, the acquisition of the second language is seen as an asset, as enhancing the prestige and social and economic prowess of the speaker.
II. Subtractive bilingualism refers to the loss of fluency in one’s native language that occurs when acquiring a second language.
III. Being younger is an advantage in terms of the rate of acquisition, as younger learners acquire a second language more rapidly than older learners in untutored settings.
IV. The acquisition of a second language could occur in submersion settings in which the person is surrounded by native speakers of that second language, or in immersion settings, in which the person and other people received instruction in that second language only.
V. Children growing up learning two or more languages simultaneously can do so without difficulty and in much the same way as do monolingual children.
Check the alternative that presents the number of the CORRECT statements:
Differences between Brazilian Portuguese and English can result in difficulties in oral comprehension and production due to transfer. These difficulties can result in intelligibility and comprehensibility problems that can be overcome when teachers understand why and how the difficulties happen. Mark the alternative in which only common phonological processes that trigger mispronunciations produced by Brazilians when speaking English are mentioned.
Norman Fairclough is one of the founders of Critical discourse analysis (CDA), which studies how power is exercised through language. According to him, CDA is a positioning concerning language that associates linguistic text analysis with a social theory of the functioning of language in political and ideological processes (Fairclough, N. Critical Language Awareness. Routledge: London, 1992). Write (T) for those that are true and (F) for those that are false in relation to the CDA theoretical basis.
( ) The object of analysis is linguistic texts which are analyzed in terms of their own specificity.
( ) In addition to text, the processes of text production and interpretation are themselves analyzed. Analysis is interpretation.
( ) Texts must be homogeneous and ambiguous and features of different genre types might be drawn upon in interpreting them.
( ) Discourse is socially constructive, constituting social subjects, social relations and systems of knowledge and belief.
( ) Discourse analysis is concerned only with power relations in discourse and how it transform the social practices of a society.
( ) Analysis of discourse attends to its functioning in the creative transformation of ideologies and practices as well as its function in securing their reproduction.
Check the alternative that shows the CORRECT sequence:
The use of authentic materials in the classroom can be beneficial to the learner because of the real language exposure supporting a more creative approach to teaching, the possibility of practicing skimming and scanning, the encouragement to reading for pleasure, among others. Nevertheless, using authentic materials in ESP classes can also have some disadvantages, such as:
In relation to designing translation courses, three approaches, or three organizing principles can be followed: (1) the inductive approach, (2) the deductive approach, or (3) the functional approach. Associate the approaches (1), (2) and (3) on the right column, to the propositions that characterize them on the left column.
(1) the inductive approach
(2) the deductive approach
(3) the functional approach
( ) Teaching is based on certain topics related to translation techniques
( ) Teachers decide what skills are necessary for translation and aim to develop these skills without necessarily using translation tasks.
( ) In this approach, teaching does not begin with a text but with a translation problem
( ) The process of teaching is organized by text-selection
( ) In this approach teaching is organized around particular skills to be developed
( ) Since in a text-based class only problems occurring in the given text appear, it might happen that important translation problems remain untackled.
The CORRECT sequence, from top to bottom, is:
The following are aspects or concerns of a Genre Approach to English as a second language:
I. The relationship between texts and their contexts.
II. The purpose or intention of a text.
III. Reader has the main role.
IV. Writing as a social activity.
V. Teacher’s role is authoritarian.
Choose the CORRECT option:
Raimes (1998) classifies the teaching practices of writing in L2 according to four main focuses: the form, the author, the content and the reader. Associate the column on the right side to the column on the left.
(1) This approach links writing to the content of the student's area of study, seeking to teach the specific rhetorical conventions of the subject.
(2) This approach understands that writing is influenced by the values, expectations and conventions of the discourse communities that will consume the written work.
(3) This proposal is centered on the final product, which should show the domain of certain grammatical, semantic and rhetorical.
(4) This proposal focuses on the process and use of cognitive strategies for producing texts. This is why it is called a "procedural" proposal, which emphasizes a pedagogy focused on the planning and development of ideas and the production of multiple drafts of a text, giving relevance to the recursive, non-linear character of writing.
( ) The form
( ) The author
( ) The content
( ) The reader
The CORRECT sequence, from top to bottom, is:
Read the following statements and decide if they are true (T) or false (F).
( ) Technologies of information and communication create new genres as Twitter and YouTube. These novelties demand a new way to think teaching English as a second language.
( ) Reading and writing have been affected by new technologies. Images and hyperlinks have become an integrated part of the new genres.
( ) Teaching English as a second language has to follow different concepts of language learning and abstract from the changes society goes through.
( ) Intertextuality is a relevant characteristic of the technological genres.
( ) Multimedia educational proposals contribute to a contextualized teaching and to a better understanding of the world.
Choose the alternative which CORRECTLY shows if the statements are true of false:
Considering classroom management and teacher-student interaction, write true (T) or false (F) to the following statements:
( ) Teacher talk is important to provide students with live target language input. ( ) Code switching is a teaching strategy used when teacher and students do not share the same L1.
( ) Classroom management has to do with decisions related to unexpected (but pertinent) questions, misbehaving students, technical problems with equipment or materials, among others.
( ) The one condition for interaction to happen in the language classroom is having negotiation of meaning between two or more speakers with the same proficiency level.
Choose the option with the correct sequence (top to bottom):
A encenação de Vestido de Noiva, em 1943, marcou o início da modernidade do teatro brasileiro. Após sua morte em 1980, Nelson Rodrigues se tornou o dramaturgo brasileiro mais encenado no país.
Assinale a montagem teatral abaixo que não é baseada em sua obra.
Com relação aos conceitos e tipos de gramática, assinale a opção correta.
heavily in "when it rains heavily" indicates:
The verb form in "are being taken" is in the same form as in:
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