Questões de Concurso Para seed-pr

Segundo Colliot-Thélenè (1995), “a compreensão da ação social, longe de constituir um simples elo da exemplificação causal, é o método específico da sociologia, que daí extrai, por essa razão, sua denominação”. 
(A Sociologia de Max Weber. Catherine Colliot-Thélène. Google Livros.)

Dentre os conceitos fundamentais da sociologia Weberiana estão os termos “ação” e “ação social”. Para tal sociólogo: 

A estrutura social e o Estado resultam constantemente do processo vital de indivíduos determinados; mas não resultam daquilo que esses indivíduos aparentam perante si mesmos ou perante outros; e, sim, daquilo que são na realidade, isto é, tal como trabalham e produzem materialmente.
(In.: Quintaneiro, Tânia. Um toque de clássicos: Marx, Durkheim e Weber / Tânia Quintaneiro, Maria Ligia de oliveira Barbosa, Márcia Gardênia de Oliveira. – 2. Ed. rev. amp. – Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG, 2002.)

No escopo da Teoria Sociológica Clássica, ao analisar o Estado, sua formação e suas concepções, Marx, Weber e Durkheim estabelecem teorias, que mais tarde são, ora refutadas, ora respaldadas por outros autores. Especificamente em Weber, o Estado:

O Iluminismo estimulava no plano das ideias uma cultura centrada na capacidade e na autonomia do indivíduo e defendia o predomínio da razão sobre a fé. Razão e ciência e não submissão a dogmas deveriam ser as bases para entender o mundo. Embora o movimento tenha surgido na Inglaterra e na Holanda, sua expressão máxima ocorreu na França. A aposta na razão tem consequências. Ver o mundo como fruto da ação dos indivíduos é diferente de considerá-lo resultado da vontade de Deus. Uma das consequências dessa perspectiva, que contribuiu para o surgimento da sociologia, foi a eclosão de duas grandes revoluções políticas do fim do século XVIII: A Revolução Americana e a Revolução Francesa.
 (BOMENY, 2016.)
Ainda como consequência dessa mudança de perspectiva, e que influencia grandemente os acontecimentos que marcam a Idade Moderna e Contemporânea, podemos apontar: 

Karl Marx, olhando para o homem, encontra-o submisso, sem identidade, subjugado, como passou a denominá-lo. Para ele, isso era inconcebível. O homem jamais poderia continuar vivendo nessa condição injusta. Por isso, interessado em saber porque o homem chegou a essa despersonalização, ou também onde se encontram as causas de tal fenômeno, fez a análise ampla de todo contexto político e social de sua época (e de outras épocas). Marx percebeu, então, que são vários os tipos de subjugação, que ele chama de alienação; dessa forma, é possível afirmar que:

The BNCC (Brasil, 2017)displays Portuguese, Physical Education, Art, and English making up its language field, such an organization indicates the belief that:

Read the text to answer.

Action on Smoking and Health’s (ASH)

Accomplishments

• 2019 Bucharest Declaration on Human Rights and a Tobacco-Free Europe, coming out of discussion at our Global Forum that continued at the European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention’s Conference the following days. • 2019 Global Forum on Human Rights and a Tobacco-Free World, co-hosted by the Romanian Presidency, Romania 2035 Tobacco-Free Generation Initiative, and theEuropean Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention with high level speakers such as the European Commissioner on Health and Food Safety and Princess Dina Mired of Jordan. • 2019 launch of ASH’s Tobacco and Human Rights Hub, a living repository of human rights resources to assist our allies in taking a human rights approach. • 2018 Cape Town Declaration on Human Rights and a Tobacco-Free World, adopted by the World Conference on Tobacco or Health (WCTOH) and over 100 organizations worldwide, which states, “the manufacture, marketing, and sale of tobacco are incompatible with the human right to health”. • A successful campaign with the Danish Institute of Human Rights’ s which resulted in DIHR denouncing tobacco as antithetical to the work of a human rights organization. This campaign also resulted in a sign on letter from 123 organizations in 40+ countries to immediately cease all marketing and production of cigarettes to adhere to human rights norms.  • A presentation before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, along with two of our partner organizations. This was the first time the Commission considered tobacco as a human rights issue and was an important victory. • An article in the American Bar Association’s International Law Newsentitled Tobacco Industry Marketing: A Violation of Human Rights in Latin America. The article was chosen by another ABA Publication, GP Solo Magazine, to be included in a “Best of the ABA” feature issue.
(Available in: https://ash.org/human-rights. Adapted.)
The text’s composition charcteristics and discourse resources cater to: 

Read the text to answer.

The Unicorn in the Garden

(James Thurber.)

Once upon a sunny morning a man who sat in a breakfast nook looked up from his scrambled eggs to see a white unicorn with a golden horn quietly cropping the roses in the garden. The man went up to the bedroom where his wife was still asleep and woke her. “There's a unicorn in the garden,” he said. “Eating roses.” She opened one unfriendly eye and looked at him. “The unicorn is a mythical beast,” she said, and turned her back on him. The man walked slowly downstairs and out into the garden. The unicorn was still there; he was now browsing among the tulips. “Here, unicorn,” said the man and pulled up a lily and gave it to him. The unicorn ate it gravely. With a high heart, because there was a unicorn in his garden, the man went upstairs and roused his wife a gain. “The unicorn,” he said, “ate a lily.” His wife sat up in bed and looked at him, coldly. “You are a booby,” she said, “and I am going to have you put in a booby-hatch.” The man, who never liked the words “booby” and “booby-hatch,” and who liked them even less on a shining morning when there was a unicorn in the garden, thought for a moment. “We'll see about that,” he said. He walked over to the door. “He has a golden horn in the middle of his forehead,” he told her. Then he went back to the garden to watch the unicorn; but the unicorn had gone away. The man sat among the roses and went to sleep. And as soon as the husband had gone out of the house, the wife got up and dressed as fast as she could. She was very excited and there was a gloat in her eye. She telephoned the police and she telephoned the psychiatrist; she told them to hurry to her house and bring a straitjacket. When the police and the psychiatrist arrived they sat down in chairs and looked at her, with great interest. “My husband,” she said, “saw a unicorn this morning.” The police looked at the psychiatrist and the psychiatrist looked at the police. “He told me it ate a lily,” she said. The psychiatrist looked at the police and the police looked at the psychiatrist. “He told me it had a golden horn in the middle of its forehead,” she said. At a solemn signal from the psychiatrist, the police leaped from their chairs and seized the wife. They had a hard time subduing her, for she put up a terrific struggle, but they finally subdued her. Just as they got her into the straitjacket, the husband came back into the house. “Did you tell your wife you saw a unicorn?” asked the police. “Of course not,” said the husband. “The unicorn is a mythical beast.” “That's all I wanted to know,” said the psychiatrist. “Take her away. I'm sorry, sir, but your wife is as crazy as a jay bird.” So they took her away, cursing and screaming, and shut her up in an institution. The husband lived happily ever after.

Moral: Don't count your boobies until they are hatched.

(Available in: http://english.glendale.cc.ca.us.)

The text above is a modern humorous short story which is meant to establish links with traditional fables, thus revitilizing the writing and reading of fiction. Point out the distracter that suits the moral of the story.

Read the text to answer.

Can a focus on playful learning be integrated in the

enabling environment?

     “Enabling environment” refers to the broad set of interrelated national political, social and financial conditions that can either promote or hinder the successful functioning of the preprimary sub-sector. A supportive enabling environment is conducive to recognizing the importance of learning through play, and it can further strengthen this emphasis by fostering coordination with other sectors such as health, nutrition and social protection, which together can create a unified voice for play in children’s lives. The elements of the enabling environment, and how they can foster play-based learning, are:

     1. Policies and legislation: Policies specific to the preprimary sub-sector are important because they can clearly affirm children’s right to play and can state that playbased learning is a distinctive and essential feature of effective early learning. Policies and directives can reflect a childcentred approach to learning and teaching; such policies create an expectation that playful learning will be taken seriously and implemented across levels of the sub-sector.

      2. Public Demand: Support for pre-primary services among parents and caregivers is key and it should be informed by strong awareness of what quality means in pre-primary education. Awareness-raising should focus on young children’s unique learning needs, e.g., the need to make meaning through playful investigations supported by knowledgeable teachers. A key aspect of fostering public support and demand for learning through play is to ensure that parents recognize their role in providing meaningful play experiences in the home environment, and to empower them to do so. Garnering public support and demand for learning through play will enhance the pre-primary system’s commitment to and recognition of the benefits of play.

(Available in: https://www.unicef.org.)

Mark the item that is in agreement with text content.

Covid-19 symtoms or simply a cold? It is recommended that he _______ home.


(Available in: https://www.uhhospitals.org.)

Fill in the blank above the image with the appropriate verb form:

Types of pasta and when you should be using them


  (Available in: https://www.tastingtable.com.)
Concerning the title above the image, the modal verb used can be replaced by: 

Read the text to answer.

Linguisitc prejudice is endemic in public life, widely tolerated, and institutionalized in social enterprises that affect almost everyone, such as education and the media. There is limited knowledge about and little regard forlinguistic study showing that all varieties of a language display systematicity and that the elevated social position of standard varieties has no scientific linguistic basis.

(Available in: https://www.thoughtco.com. Adapted.)

The coloniality framework, which is present in several levels of personal and social life, is still reproduced even in the absence of colonial management, echoing in classrooms, in a very steady way in English classes. It is NOT a biased manifestation that might contaminate English teaching/learning to favor: 

Group 1

• Think – Bath – Thigh – Thorn – Length – Aesthetic – Cloth – Thousand – Thumb

Group 2

• Those – Then – With – Although – This – Within – Therefore – They – Mother

The sound represented by the TH in Group 1 and the sound represented by the TH in Group 2 differ due to:

Analyse the image to answer.

(Available in: https://funnytimes.com.)

The instructions above the market cashier say, “10 items or less, exact change, no small talk, just bag your groceries and get the hell out”. Mark the item that matches text and image analysis. 

Read the texts to answer.

Text 1

High-income countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom have higher food spending in absolute terms, but the share of household consumption expenditures devoted to athome food is low– less than 10 percent. In Kenya and other low- -income countries, at-home food’s share of consumption expenditures can exceed 50 percent. Per capita calorie availability follows the reverse path. According to the most recent available data, U.S. per capita calorie availability was among the highest at 3,682 calories per day, while Kenya’s was estimated at only 2,206 calories.

Text 2

For a typical dollar spent in 2020 by U.S. consumers on domestically produced food, including both grocery store and eating-out purchases, 27.9 cents went to foodservice establishments such as restaurants and other eating-out places. The foodservice share of the food dollar decreased after 9 years of gains as households shifted to food-at-home consumption during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic. For the remainder of the food dollar, transportation (4.1 cents) and wholesale trade (11.9 cents) rose to their highest shares reported in the series, which provides statistics back to 1993.

(Economic Research Service U.S. – Department of Agriculture.

https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products.)

In both of the texts the common theme is:

Observe the following set of minimal pairs to answer .
• Hit / Heat • Bit / Beat • Knit / Neat • Chip / Cheap • Live / Leave
The set of minimal pairs was used for oral practice being its specific target to distinguish vowel pronounciation. Mark the criteria that accounts for the vowel distintion existing in all of the chosen minimal pairs. 

It is true about the ad’s content that:

While producing an advertisement, authors choose persuasive strategies aiming at determining readers’/viewers’ behavior. Among the argumentative strategies selected for the above campaign, we spotlight the: 

Read the text to answer.

In American literature, regionalism refers to works that describe distinctive local geography and culture, and to movements that value smaller-scaled representations of place over representations of broad territorial range. Regionalism emerges from the perception of modern geographic plurality; writers and readers understand a larger unit of space (commonly the national territory) to be diversified at its periphery according to topographical features, economy, history, dialect, and manners. A region is always one among many within a common container, characterized by uneven development between center and periphery. Regionalism indicates that a writer has chosen to focus on one of the areas outside the centers of power, and to organize the work around that region. In American literature, regionalism has been associated with the sketch or short story, although the category can accommodate poetry and the novel. Regionalism’s detractors have treated it as a minor form portraying outdated folkways, more parochial than literature that features a larger spatial scale and cosmopolitan characters. Its defenders reject that evaluation, often arguing that regionalism provided access to female, nonwhite, and rural writers, who used the form in innovative and empowering ways.

(Available in: https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com.)

In the segment “Its defenders reject that evaluation, often arguing that regionalism provided access to female, nonwhite, and rural writers” ITS refers back to: 

Read the dialogue to answer.

(Available in: https://www.liveworksheets.com/se1991286ki.)

Indicate the language practice which might be proposed as of the dialogue study.

The following handout was tabled for 9º graders of Ensino Fundamental as a research tool. Students should discover the meanings of the abbreviations. They received adequate support on how to perform the research activity, that is, indication of sites, pages, blogs, etc where to look for suitable information.
FIND OUT THE MEANING OF THE ABBREVIATIONS


(Available in: https://www.liveworksheets.com/hv2889859db.)

Choose the learning purpose and ability the work with the handout is meant to comprise.