Questões de Concurso Sobre palavras conectivas | connective words em inglês

Foram encontradas 379 questões

Q2022977 Inglês

Text 4A1-II

You know a nun when you see one. The uniform, known as a habit, is a dead giveaway. But the outfit you’re picturing in your head might look very different from the one worn by the sisters at your local convent. And yet, each ensemble’s meaning is immediately clear. That’s because nuns abide by a sartorial system that is at once endlessly adaptable and instantly recognizable.
That’s an impressive feat for any visual system. In the case of nuns’ habits, that system relies on a standardized combination of symbolic elements. “It’s really a kit of parts”, says Lucienne Roberts, cofounder of a British publishing house devoted to design’s more esoteric subjects. For their latest book, Looking Good: A Visual Guide to the Nun’s Habit, Roberts worked with her team to dissect the dress of nuns from some 40 Catholic orders. The result is a fascinating work of reference on a subject to which you've almost certainly never paid much mind.
The book begins by cataloguing the various components that typically comprise a nun's habit. These may include things like veils, rosaries, tunics, medals, coifs (the cap worn under the veil), and sandals. It's a collection from which each religious order draws some, but not all, of its impeccable elements. This section provides the reader with a visual framework which relies on simple cues to distinguish between religious families.
For instance, many orders of nuns wear some form of girdle, be it a belt, a cord, or a cincture. Each type and subtype of garment carries specific connotations. Franciscan nuns, for instance, favor a cord over a leather belt, to reflect their order's devotion to poverty. Its four knots, plainly visible in the book as an illustration of the Franciscan garb, represent the order's vows of chastity, poverty, obedience, and enclosure.
These are the kinds of minutiae encoded in the book's pages, which the authors color code to differentiate between the various orders. Even the nuns' orientation on the page is significant; some face towards the reader, while others face away. This is to distinguish between sisterhoods that are active in their communities from ones that live cloistered lives, respectively. The book itself, like the habits it analyzes, is a form of information design.

Internet: <www.wired.com>(adapted). 
Parts of speech are traditional classes of words (such as adjectives, adverbs, etc.) that are distinguished according to the kind of idea denoted and the function performed in a sentence.
On the basis of this definition, it is correct to say that the words “almost” (last sentence of the second paragraph), “favor” (third sentence of the fourth paragraph), “which” (first sentence of the last paragraph) and “between” (third sentence of the last paragraph), which were taken from text 4A1-II, are, respectively, 
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Q2003601 Inglês
READ THE FOLLOWING TEXTS AND CHOOSE THE OPTION WHICH BEST COMPLETES EACH QUESTION ACCORDING TO THEM:

TEXT 01

What does an occupational and environmental physician do?
As highly trained specialists, OEM physicians and other health professionals enhance the health of workers through preventive medicine, clinical care, disability management, research, and education. OEM professionals have expertise in determining the ability of employees to perform work; the arrangements of work, the physical, chemical, biological, and social environments of the workplace, and the health outcomes of environmental exposures.
They recognize that work and the environment in which it is performed can have favorable or adverse effects upon the health of workers as well as of other populations; that the nature of work can be arranged to protect worker health; and that health and well-being at the workplace are promoted when workers’ physical attributes or limitations are accommodated in job placement.
They are skilled at using the tools of preventive medicine ______ improve the health of workers and their families, and they are trained in the complex Returnto-Work process, an advanced system of health monitoring that optimizes the time in which ill or injured workers can safely return to work. The occupational and environmental physician must communicate with and inspire confidence in people on all levels.
Perhaps most importantly, occupational health professionals occupy a critical position at the center of virtually all health-related transactional activities in the workplace. They are connected to all of the other parts of this complex infrastructure—senior management, benefits and human resources, legal, worker’s compensation, government regulatory agencies, labor and unions, hospitals and public health organizations. They are a fulcrum of workplace health—understanding the needs and challenges of each of these diverse groups. They provide a unique bridge between the clinical/scientific medical community and the businessbased employer community.

Adapted from: https://www.acoem.org/OccMed.aspx

Complete the following sentence in the text using a word indicating finality. “They are skilled at using the tools of preventive medicine ____ improve the health of workers and their families,”
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Q2002590 Inglês

[…] If a teacher is normally noisy and energetic as a teacher, he or she should spend a class behaving more calmly. This is so because each time teachers break their own behavior patterns, they send a ripple through the class. That ripple is a mixture of surprise and curiosity and it is a perfect starting point for student involvement. The need for surprise and curiosity within a fifty-minute lesson is also overwhelming. This can be seen most clearly with children at primary and secondary levels, but even adults need a varied diet to keep them stimulated. However, variety is not the same as anarchy, since students need a certain amount of predictability for the sake of stability.

(Adapted from: HARMER, Jeremy. How to be a good teacher. England: Longman, 1998, p. 5.)


Ainda no trecho acima o uso do conectivo since indica:

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Q1998016 Inglês

Read the following text and answer question.


Introduction to global food loss and food waste


Food losses and food waste are quickly becoming a top global issue, because while there are millions of families with children starving, others are living in abundance, with many others carelessly throwing food away. Many of us have wasted food in one way or the other, but the real food losses and waste matter is ______ than just consumer food waste.

From farming fields and storage places, through transportation, processing, market places, down to consumption places such as homes, schools, restaurants and workplaces, more than half of all food produced globally go to waste. This is a tragedy!

In developing countries, it takes a lot of man-power to produce food. In more advanced countries, machines and technology are used, but the drain on energy, destruction of vegetative lands, the use of chemicals and ______ impact on the environment are phenomenal. Putting all that together, it is clear that a major problem has emerged and we are all in a position to help in one way or the other.



(Adapted from: https://goo.gl/ySEn3F. Access: 01/23/2018) 

The words such as in “ such as homes, schools, restaurants and workplaces…” indicates 

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Q1984089 Inglês

Read text I and answer the question that follow it.


Text I 

The New Rules of Data Privacy

The data harvested from our personal devices, along with our trail of electronic transactions and data from other sources, now provides the foundation for some of the world’s largest companies. […] For the past two decades, the commercial use of personal data has grown in wild-west fashion. But now, because of consumer mistrust, government actions, and competition for customers, those days are quickly coming to an end. 

For most of its existence, the data economy was structured around a “digital curtain” designed to obscure the industry’s practices from lawmakers and the public. Data was considered company property and a proprietary secret, even though the data originated from customers’ private behavior. That curtain has since been lifted and a convergence of consumer, government, and market forces are now giving users more control over the data they generate. Instead of serving as a resource that can be freely harvested, countries in every region of the world have begun to treat personal data as an asset owned by individuals and held in trust by firms.

This will be a far better organizing principle for the data economy. Giving individuals more control has the potential to curtail the sector’s worst excesses while generating a new wave of customer-driven innovation, as customers begin to express what sort of personalization and opportunity they want their data to enable. And while Adtech firms in particular will be hardest hit, any firm with substantial troves of customer data will have to make sweeping changes to its practices, particularly large firms such as financial institutions, healthcare firms, utilities, and major manufacturers and retailers.

Leading firms are already adapting to the new reality as it unfolds. The key to this transition — based upon our research on data and trust, and our experience working on this issue with a wide variety of firms— is for companies to reorganize their data operations around the new fundamental rules of consent, insight, and flow.

[…]

Federal lawmakers are moving to curtail the power of big tech. Meanwhile, in 2021 state legislatures proposed or passed at least 27 online privacy bills regulating data markets and protecting personal digital rights. Lawmakers from California to China are implementing legislation that mirrors Europe’s GDPR, while the EU itself has turned its attention to regulating the use of AI. Where once companies were always ahead of regulators, now they struggle to keep up with compliance requirements across multiple jurisdictions.

Adapted from: https://hbr.org/2022/02/the-new-rules-of-data-privacy February 25, 2022 – Retrieved September 6, 2022

“As” in “Leading firms are already adapting to the new reality as it unfolds” (4th paragraph) signals a 
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Q1967220 Inglês
Text for the item from.




Paridhi Agrawal & Pradnya Nikhade. Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry: Past, Present, and Future. Cureus, v. 14, n.º 7, 2022 (adapted).
According to the text, judge the item.

The term “However” (line 10) can be correctly replaced by the conjunction Hence, without changing its meaning. 
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Ano: 2022 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: Petrobras Provas: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Administração | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Análise – Transporte Marítimo | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Análise – Comércio e Suprimento | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Engenharia de Equipamentos – Mecânica | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Geofísica – Física | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Engenharia de Processamento | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Engenharia de Segurança de Processo | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Geologia | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Geofísica – Geologia | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Engenharia de Produção | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Engenharia de Equipamentos – Elétrica | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Engenharia de Equipamentos – Terminais e Dutos | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Engenharia de Equipamentos – Inspeção | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Engenharia de Equipamentos – Eletrônica | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Engenharia de Petróleo | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Analista de Sistemas – Engenharia de Software | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Analista de Sistemas – Infraestrutura | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Engenharia Ambiental | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Engenharia Civil | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Engenharia Naval | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Engenharia de Segurança do Trabalho | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Economia | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Ciência de Dados | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - Petrobras - Analista de Sistemas – Processos de negócio |
Q1891007 Inglês
      In a world where many of us are glued to our smartphones, Dulcie Cowling is something of an anomaly — she has ditched hers. The 36-year-old decided at the end of last year that getting rid of her handset would improve her mental health. So, over Christmas she told her family and friends that she was switching to an old Nokia phone that could only make and receive calls and text messages. 

      She recalls that one of the pivotal moments that led to her decision was a day at the park with her two boys, aged six and three: “I was on my mobile at a playground with the kids and I looked up and every single parent — there was up to 20 — were looking at their phones, just scrolling away,” she says. 

      “I thought ‘when did this happen?’. Everyone is missing out on real life. I don’t think you get to your death bed and think you should have spent more time on Twitter, or reading articles online.”

      Ms Cowling, who is a creative director at London-based advertising agency Hell Yeah!, adds that the idea to abandon her smartphone had built up during the covid-19 lockdowns.

      “I thought about how much of my life is spent looking at the phone and what else could I do. Being constantly connected to lots of services creates a lot of distractions, and is a lot for the brain to process.”

      She plans to use the time gained from quitting her smartphone to read and sleep more.

      About nine out of 10 people in the UK now own a smartphone, a figure broadly replicated across the developed world. And we are glued to them — one recent study found that the average person spends 4.8 hours a day on their handset.

      Yet for a small, but growing number of people, enough is enough.

      Alex Dunedin binned his smartphone two years ago. “Culturally we have become addicted to these tools,” says the educational researcher and technology expert. “They are blunting cognition and impeding productivity.”

      He has become happier and more productive since he stopped using a smartphone, he says. 

      Mr Dunedin doesn’t even have an old-fashioned mobile phone or even a landline anymore. He is instead only electronically contactable via emails to his home computer. 

     “It has improved my life,” he says. “My thoughts are freed up from constantly being cognitively connected to a machine that I need to feed with energy and money. I think that the danger of technologies is that they are emptying our lives.” 

      Yet, while some worry about how much time they spend on their handset, for millions of others they are a godsend. 

      “More than ever, access to healthcare, education, social services and often to our friends and family is digital, and the smartphone is an essential lifeline for people,” says a spokesperson for UK mobile network Vodafone. 

      “We also create resources to help people get the most from their tech, as well as to stay safe when they’re online — that’s hugely important.” 


Suzanne Bearne. The people deciding to ditch their smartphones.
Internet: <www.bbc.com> (adapted). 



Considering the previous text, judge the following item. 



In the sentence (thirteenth paragraph) “Yet, while some worry about how much time they spend on their handset, for millions of others they are a godsend.”, the word “Yet” is synonymous with However. 

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Q1869410 Inglês

Consider Text II to answer question.



“While...” (line 41) and “However,” (line 48) could be correctly replaced with
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Q1858193 Inglês

Instruction: answer based on the following text.



(Available in: https://www.marthastewart.com/syndication/new-study-dogs-understand-commands-withouttraining – text adapted specially for this test).

The blanks in the text (lines 02, 08, 13, 26) can be filled, from top to bottom, with:
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Q1854081 Inglês
    Teachers sometimes assume that more outgoing learners will be able to learn pronunciation better than shyer students, and there may be some truth to this. Confident students might speak more and be more willing to try new sounds, and this extra practice could help them improve their pronunciation. However, this improvement is certainly not guaranteed. Some outgoing students may be producing a lot of language, but they may also be jumping ahead without paying attention to the accuracy of their pronunciation. If listeners are impressed by their fluency and accept their imperfect pronunciation, they have no way to know that they need to improve.
    Some more introverted students might actually be thinking carefully about sounds and practicing “within themselves,” even if they don’t speak much in class. Don’t underestimate the quiet students. Appreciate the strengths and possibilities of all your students and encourage everyone. All students can learn and improve in their own way.
    Another aspect of personality that can affect pronunciation is the degree to which a person is willing or able to change the way they sound. Most of us have been speaking and listening to language in the same, familiar way since we learned to talk. Our voice and our pronunciation are a central part of the way we see ourselves. It can be uncomfortable, and possibly even frightening, to try out unfamiliar sounds and melodies of language. For some people this process seems like a small bump on the road, but for others, it’s a serious roadblock. 

M.T. Yoshida. Beyond Repeat After Me: Teaching Pronunciation to
English Learners. Alexandria: TESOL Press, 2016 (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the following item.


In the sentence “Most of us have been speaking and listening to language in the same, familiar way since we learned to talk” (third paragraph), the word “since” could be correctly replaced with as long as.

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Q1851398 Inglês

Concerning the text above and previous knowledge, judge the item from

In the sentence “In addition, computing environments are more complex than they once were” (lines 25 and 26) the expression “In addition” can be correctly replaced by Futhermore.  
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Q1848051 Inglês
Text for the item.


Internet: <https://www.fieldaware.com/blog/field-service-technician>.

According to the text and previous grammar studies, judge the item.
The word “However” (line 11) conveys the ideia of contrast. 
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Q1829782 Inglês


Available at:<https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/03/us/politics/
ufos-sighting-alien-spacecraft-pentagon.html>. Retrieved on:
July 7, 2021.
In the 6th paragraph of the text, the highlighted expression as well as, in the fragment “as well as ability to change direction and submerge” is associated with the idea of 
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Q1825963 Inglês

Available at:<https://www.ua-magazine.com/2021/05/12/robots-the--next-generation-of-soccer-players>. Retrieved on: July 4th, 2021.

Adapted.

In paragraph 7, the word However in the fragment “In the humanoid league, the players are human-like robots with human-like senses. However, they are rather slow” can be replaced, without change in meaning, by
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Q1812556 Inglês
Read the text to answer.

English Language teaching as a social interprise
   In Communicative ELT (English Language Teaching), text genre analysis is essential to uncover the social and the cultural basis of language. The notion of genre has largely drawn the attention of many scholars. It is incontestable that a genre-based approach to teaching greatly improves learners’ skills, not only in academic settings, but also in professional scenarios. A genre--oriented approach to language teaching incorporates an understanding that language is purposeful and that structures emerge from use. Additionally, there is an increasing recognition of the relevance of taking into consideration language varieties, text--types, and text genres while designing reading and writing language programs. As Martin (2002) points out, genres have been defined as staged, goal-oriented social processes. In these terms, as a level of context, genres represent “the system of staged goal-oriented social processes through which social subjects in a given culture live their lives”. In ELT, the concept of text genre sheds light on the influence of the context of culture on language. From that viewpoint, every culture structures particular ways of achieving communication goals in a given context through the production of written and oral texts. The fact that English is considered the predominant language for communicating research findings makes it paramount  that users of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) develop proficiency in research English across the skills of reading and writing. In order to be part of the scientific community, EFL researchers need to understand “the social processes by which knowledge about reality and the world are made”, that is, they need to be able to understand several genres that are part of academic social practice. Failure to understand written genres as social action may result in instruction that encourages the creation of texts to fit formal requirements, as opposed to the practice of achieving social goals. Technology also plays a role in assisting second/foreign language (L2) writing instruction. The Internet, social networks and digital media may provide EFL learners with greater opportunities for meaningful and authentic language use, which are usually interactive, social and multimodal. Learners can interact with other speakers of the language from different parts of the world, write blogs or create webpages and profiles in social networks and produce both written and oral language with a targeted community of speakers in mind.
(Available: http://www.scielo.br. Adapted.)
Analyse the use of that is, highlighted in the text. Mark the item which brings the connotation of that is in the context.
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Q1812552 Inglês
Read the text to answer.

Incidental vocabulary learning through
the viewing of video
   There is growing evidence that L2 learners pick up new words while viewing video but little is known about the role of individual differences. This study explores incidental learning after the viewing of a French documentary containing 15 pseudowords and investigates whether learning is moderated by participants’ prior vocabulary knowledge and working memory. Sixty-three higher-intermediate learners of French participated in this study. Prior vocabulary knowledge was measured by means of a French meaning recognition test. Participants also took a forward digit-span (phonological shortterm memory), a backward digit-span, and an operation-span task (complex working memory). After viewing the video, four surprise vocabulary tests on form and meaning were administered. Results revealed that learning gains occurred at the level of form and meaning recognition. Vocabulary knowledge was positively related to picking up new words from video. Complex working memory correlated with the recognition tests showed more incidental learning gains for learners with higher complex working memory.
(Available: https://www.cambridge.org.Abstract published online: 10 January 2020. Adapted.)
Whether, highlighted in the text, means
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Q1810759 Inglês
…reinforced the contemporary public understanding of x-rays as fantastically potent yet ambiguously helpful. (l. 4-5)
Identify the aspect that the underlined word represents in the sentence above and its appropriate substitute expression(s): 
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Q1798485 Inglês

QUESTION


Technological change – from consumers to producers

Chris Pim

   Over the last 20 years, there has been a tremendous shift in the way that users integrate technology into their personal lives. These changes have taken time to filter down into the educational sector, but slowly teachers have realised the need to adapt their practice in order to reflect the changing nature of technological use in the wider world.

   In the past, technology has predominately been used to source and consume information, whereas today‟s learners have become particularly adept at creating and collaboratively developing content for a wide variety of purposes, for example so-called Web 2.0 tools such as blogs, forums and wikis. Moreover, children and young people are now becoming increasingly interested in the concept of „content curation‟ –selecting, sifting, showcasing and sharing content with friends, family and peers.

   The change from a „read Web‟ to a „read/write Web‟ has encouraged teachers to become increasingly inventive in their approach to engaging technologically savvy learners who want to publish their work within an ever expanding arena.

(…)

PIM, Chris. Emerging Technologies, emerging minds: digital innovations within the primary sector. In MOTTERAM, Gary (Ed.) Innovations in learning technologies for English language teaching. London: British Council, 2013. 

(Concurso Milagres/2018) The word whereas indicates ___________ and can be substituted by ____________:
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Q1798465 Inglês
TEACHING GRAMMAR IN THE POST COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH ERA
D I A N A B A U D U C C O

   Grammar. To teach or not to teach? This has been the question that language teachers have asked themselves for ages. It has been a matter of debate for teachers, linguists and second language acquisition experts.
   Historically, language teaching approaches and methods have moved from one extreme of the spectrum to another as regards the explicit teaching of grammar. Long before our times, grammar was at the centre of language teaching, as it was believed that the study of the grammar of X‟s language was the best way to its mastery. So, from medieval times till around the 1970s, the fixation of language teaching on the study and description of structures manifested in approaches such as the Grammar Translation and the Audio Lingual method, with short interludes of the other approaches such as the Direct Method, Total Physical Response and the Silent way which although claiming to differ still based their syllabus on grammar points.
   From the Grammar-dominated end of the spectrum, we moved to the Absolutely-noGrammar end. Grammar based approaches proved inadequate in that students were unable to communicate outside the classroom. Based mainly on Hymes‟ “communicative competence” and Krashen‟s models of language acquisition, the Communicative Approach emerged as the meaning-focused alternative to the formfocused approaches of the past. Strong versions of the approach emphasized the teaching of functions and absolutely discouraged the teaching of grammar structures arguing that communication – and not language description- was the aim of language teaching.
   However, the studies of the last 30 years have proved that the lack of grammar instruction has not encouraged language acquisition. On the contrary, more recent studies show that grammar instruction and explicit knowledge of the target language do have positive effects on language acquisition. So, how should we approach the teaching of Grammar in the Post- CommunicativeApproach Era?

Source: https://www.eflmagazine.com/teachinggrammar-post-communicative-approach-era/ Accessed on 17/06/2018
(Concurso Milagres/2018) The word although expresses an idea of:
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Q1791835 Inglês



Internet: <https://www.nytimes.com/> (adapted).


Based on the text and considering the grammatical aspects of the English Language, judge the item.

The sentence “Professor Turing had written a user’s manual, but it was far from intuitive.” (lines from 14 to 16) can be correctly rewritten as Although Professor Turing had written a user’s manual, it was far from intuitive.
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Respostas
41: A
42: D
43: D
44: D
45: E
46: E
47: C
48: D
49: C
50: E
51: C
52: C
53: B
54: D
55: B
56: A
57: C
58: C
59: B
60: C