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Ano: 2021
Banca:
Unesc
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Laguna - SC
Prova:
Unesc - 2021 - Prefeitura de Laguna - SC - Professor de Ciências |
Q2424634
Meio Ambiente
Em setembro de 2015, representantes dos 193 Estados-membros da ONU se reuniram em Nova York na Assembleia Geral da ONU e aprovaram a agenda 2030, com 17 Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) e suas 169 metas.
Assinale a alternativa que NÃO apresenta um dos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS):
Ano: 2021
Banca:
Unesc
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Laguna - SC
Prova:
Unesc - 2021 - Prefeitura de Laguna - SC - Professor de Ciências |
Q2424633
Meio Ambiente
O Relatório do Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas – (IPCC, 2021), em uma nova avaliação climática internacional publicada em 9 de agosto de 2021, alerta que o ciclo da água vem se intensificando e continuará a se intensificar à medida que o planeta aquece.
Assinale a opção INCORRETA:
Ano: 2021
Banca:
Unesc
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Laguna - SC
Prova:
Unesc - 2021 - Prefeitura de Laguna - SC - Professor de Ciências |
Q2424631
Pedagogia
Segundo a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), na área de ciências da natureza as unidades temáticas estão estruturadas em um conjunto de habilidades cuja complexidade cresce progressivamente ao longo dos anos (BRASIL, 2017, p. 330)
Assinale abaixo as unidades temáticas da área de ciências da natureza:
Ano: 2021
Banca:
Unesc
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Laguna - SC
Prova:
Unesc - 2021 - Prefeitura de Laguna - SC - Professor de Ciências |
Q2424630
Meio Ambiente
A Educação Ambiental propõe desenvolver o pensamento crítico e inovador, de forma a permitir mudanças na sociedade em uma perspectiva holística, enfocando a relação entre o ser humano, a natureza e o conhecimento (SANTA CATARINA, 2019, p. 25). Nesse sentido as indicações metodológicas têm aporte teórico e prático numa abordagem sistêmica.
Assinale a opção INCORRETA:
Ano: 2021
Banca:
Unesc
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Laguna - SC
Prova:
Unesc - 2021 - Prefeitura de Laguna - SC - Professor de Ciências |
Q2424629
Meio Ambiente
A Educação Ambiental Formal (EAF), deve ser desenvolvida no currículo da Educação Básica, como um processo levando em consideração os sujeitos da comunidade escolar e a sua relação com a realidade local, aplicando projetos transversais. Essa prática na educação para o ambiente, se justifica segundo Santa Catarina (2019):
I) Devido a uma crescente perda da qualidade e da degradação ambiental.
II) Comprometimento da preservação da vida.
III) Não dar importância na mobilização dos sujeitos.
IV) No resgate de valores e na ação social comprometidos com toda a forma de vida.
V) Numa educação para a sustentabilidade socioambiental.
Está correto o que se afirma em:
Ano: 2021
Banca:
Unesc
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Laguna - SC
Provas:
Unesc - 2021 - Prefeitura de Laguna - SC - Professor de Ciências
|
Unesc - 2021 - Prefeitura de Laguna - SC - Professor de Geografia |
Unesc - 2021 - Prefeitura de Laguna - SC - Professor de História |
Unesc - 2021 - Prefeitura de Laguna - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa |
Q2424624
Pedagogia
Acerca da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação (Lei nº 9.394/1996), assinale a alternativa CORRETA:
Ano: 2021
Banca:
Unesc
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Laguna - SC
Provas:
Unesc - 2021 - Prefeitura de Laguna - SC - Professor de Ciências
|
Unesc - 2021 - Prefeitura de Laguna - SC - Professor de Geografia |
Unesc - 2021 - Prefeitura de Laguna - SC - Professor de História |
Unesc - 2021 - Prefeitura de Laguna - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa |
Q2424622
Pedagogia
O Decreto federal nº 10.502/2020, que institui a Política Nacional de Educação Especial, pela qual a União e em colaboração com demais entes federativos, propõe-se a implementar programas e ações com o objetivo de garantir os direitos à educação e ao atendimento educacional especializado aos educandos com deficiência, com transtornos globais do desenvolvimento e com altas habilidades ou superdotação. Assinale a alternativa que NÃO APONTA um dos princípios do referido decreto:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Unesc
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC
Prova:
Unesc - 2023 - Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC - Professor de Inglês |
Q2346894
Inglês
Qual é o principal argumento para a inclusão obrigatória
do ensino de Língua Inglesa no currículo escolar
brasileiro?
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Unesc
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC
Prova:
Unesc - 2023 - Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC - Professor de Inglês |
Q2346893
Inglês
Na perspectiva do interacionismo sociodiscursivo, como
a interação contribui para o desenvolvimento linguístico?
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Unesc
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC
Prova:
Unesc - 2023 - Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC - Professor de Inglês |
Q2346892
Inglês
Considere a seguinte situação:
Os estudantes pesquisam informações específicas sobre mudanças climáticas em um artigo extenso. Para essa atividade, o objetivo é encontrar informações sobre as principais causas do aumento das temperaturas globais. Para tanto, o(a) professor(a) de Língua Inglesa estruturou os seguintes passos:
Passo 1 - Identifique palavras-chave relacionadas ao seu tópico. Neste caso, palavras como "causas do aumento das temperaturas globais" podem ser relevantes.
Passo 2 - Passe rapidamente pelos parágrafos do texto, procurando especificamente pelas palavras-chave identificadas. Não leia cada palavra, mas busque atentamente por termos específicos que correspondam ao seu objetivo.
Podemos afirmar que os estudantes aplicam a seguinte estratégia de leitura:
Os estudantes pesquisam informações específicas sobre mudanças climáticas em um artigo extenso. Para essa atividade, o objetivo é encontrar informações sobre as principais causas do aumento das temperaturas globais. Para tanto, o(a) professor(a) de Língua Inglesa estruturou os seguintes passos:
Passo 1 - Identifique palavras-chave relacionadas ao seu tópico. Neste caso, palavras como "causas do aumento das temperaturas globais" podem ser relevantes.
Passo 2 - Passe rapidamente pelos parágrafos do texto, procurando especificamente pelas palavras-chave identificadas. Não leia cada palavra, mas busque atentamente por termos específicos que correspondam ao seu objetivo.
Podemos afirmar que os estudantes aplicam a seguinte estratégia de leitura:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Unesc
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC
Prova:
Unesc - 2023 - Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC - Professor de Inglês |
Q2346890
Inglês
A utilização de jogos no ensino de Língua Inglesa é uma
estratégia pedagógica que combina aprendizado e
diversão, oferecendo uma abordagem lúdica para o
desenvolvimento das habilidades linguísticas.
Considerando os exemplos abaixo, assinale a alternativa
INCORRETA.
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Unesc
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC
Prova:
Unesc - 2023 - Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC - Professor de Inglês |
Q2346888
Inglês
Julgue as sentenças abaixo como VERDADEIRAS ou
FALSAS:
( )Através da interdisciplinaridade, é possível integrar conceitos científicos com o ensino de inglês. Por exemplo, ao estudar um tema como a sustentabilidade, os alunos podem explorar vocabulário relacionado ao meio ambiente em inglês, ao mesmo tempo em que aprendem sobre questões ambientais.
( )A interação entre o ensino de inglês e história pode envolver a exploração de eventos históricos, personagens e contextos culturais por meio de textos e atividades em inglês. Isso enriquece a compreensão dos alunos sobre a língua e a cultura.
( )A interdisciplinaridade no ensino de Língua Inglesa rompe com os limites das próprias disciplinas, buscando uma compreensão holística e incorporando não apenas conhecimentos, mas também valores, experiências e perspectivas.
A sequência CORRETA é:
( )Através da interdisciplinaridade, é possível integrar conceitos científicos com o ensino de inglês. Por exemplo, ao estudar um tema como a sustentabilidade, os alunos podem explorar vocabulário relacionado ao meio ambiente em inglês, ao mesmo tempo em que aprendem sobre questões ambientais.
( )A interação entre o ensino de inglês e história pode envolver a exploração de eventos históricos, personagens e contextos culturais por meio de textos e atividades em inglês. Isso enriquece a compreensão dos alunos sobre a língua e a cultura.
( )A interdisciplinaridade no ensino de Língua Inglesa rompe com os limites das próprias disciplinas, buscando uma compreensão holística e incorporando não apenas conhecimentos, mas também valores, experiências e perspectivas.
A sequência CORRETA é:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Unesc
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC
Prova:
Unesc - 2023 - Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC - Professor de Inglês |
Q2346887
Inglês
Considere a seguinte situação:
Diante de uma turma heterogênea, um(a) professor(a) percebe que alguns estudantes apresentam dificuldades de aprendizado. Após uma análise mais aprofundada, ele(ela) identifica que um aluno possui dislexia. Como as aulas de Língua Inglesa poderiam ser adaptadas para atender às necessidades desse estudante?
Diante de uma turma heterogênea, um(a) professor(a) percebe que alguns estudantes apresentam dificuldades de aprendizado. Após uma análise mais aprofundada, ele(ela) identifica que um aluno possui dislexia. Como as aulas de Língua Inglesa poderiam ser adaptadas para atender às necessidades desse estudante?
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Unesc
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC
Prova:
Unesc - 2023 - Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC - Professor de Inglês |
Q2346886
Inglês
Julgue as sentenças abaixo como VERDADEIRAS ou
FALSAS.
1.( )Os temas transversais no ensino de Língua Inglesa são abordagens educacionais que buscam integrar questões relevantes e significativas no contexto social, cultural e global ao ensino da língua.
2.( )Os temas transversais não se limitam apenas ao desenvolvimento das habilidades linguísticas, mas também visam promover a consciência crítica, a cidadania ativa e a compreensão intercultural.
3.( )Além do aprimoramento das habilidades linguísticas, o ensino com temas transversais também contribui para o desenvolvimento de competências transversais, como pensamento crítico, comunicação eficaz, colaboração e resolução de problemas.
A sequência CORRETA é:
1.( )Os temas transversais no ensino de Língua Inglesa são abordagens educacionais que buscam integrar questões relevantes e significativas no contexto social, cultural e global ao ensino da língua.
2.( )Os temas transversais não se limitam apenas ao desenvolvimento das habilidades linguísticas, mas também visam promover a consciência crítica, a cidadania ativa e a compreensão intercultural.
3.( )Além do aprimoramento das habilidades linguísticas, o ensino com temas transversais também contribui para o desenvolvimento de competências transversais, como pensamento crítico, comunicação eficaz, colaboração e resolução de problemas.
A sequência CORRETA é:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Unesc
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC
Prova:
Unesc - 2023 - Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC - Professor de Inglês |
Q2346885
Inglês
Texto associado
Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Palpa
(1º§) Located in the arid Peruvian coastal plain, some
400 km south of Lima, the geoglyphs of Nasca and the
pampas of Jumana cover about 450 km2 . These lines,
which were scratched on the surface of the ground
between 500 B.C. and A.D. 500, are among
archaeology's greatest enigmas because of their
quantity, nature, size and continuity. The geoglyphs
depict living creatures, stylized plants and imaginary
beings, as well as geometric figures several kilometres
long. They are believed to have had ritual astronomical
functions.
(2º§) Located in the arid Peruvian coastal plain, some
400 km south of Lima, the Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca
and Pampas de Jumana are one of the most
impressive-looking archaeological areas in the world and
an extraordinary example of the traditional and millenary
magical-religious world of the ancient Pre-Hispanic
societies which flourished on the Peruvian south coast
between the 8th century BC and the 8th century AD.
They are located in the desert plains of the basin river of Rio Grande de Nasca, the archaeological site covers an
area of approximately 75,358.47 Ha where for nearly
2,000 uninterrupted years, the region's ancient
inhabitants drew on the arid ground a great variety of
thousands of large scale zoomorphic and
anthropomorphic figures and lines or sweeps with
outstanding geometric precision, transforming the vast
land into a highly symbolic, ritual and social cultural
landscape that remains until today. They represent a
remarkable manifestation of a common religion and
social homogeneity that lasted a considerable period of
time.
(3º§) They are the most outstanding group of geoglyphs
anywhere in the world and are unmatched in its extent,
magnitude, quantity, size, diversity and ancient tradition
to any similar work in the world. The concentration and
juxtaposition of the lines, as well as their cultural
continuity, demonstrate that this was an important and
long-lasting activity, lasting approximately one thousand
years. Intensive study of the geoglyphs and comparison
with other manifestations of contemporary art forms
suggests that they can be divided chronologically from
the Middle and Late Formative (500 BC − 200 AD) to the
Regional Development Period (200 − 500 AD),
highlighting the Paracas phase (400 - 200 BC) and the
Nasca phase (200 BC - 500 AD). There are two
categories of glyphs: the first group is representational,
depicting in schematic form a variety of natural forms
including animals, birds, insects, and other living
creatures and flowers, plants, and trees, deformed or
fantastic figures and objects of everyday life. There are
very few anthropomorphic figures. The second group
comprises the lines, which are generally straight lines
that criss-cross certain parts of the pampas in all
directions. Some are several kilometres in length and
form designs of many different geometrical figures -
triangles, spirals, rectangles, wavy lines, etc. Others
radiate from a central promontory or encircle it. Yet
another group consists of so-called 'tracks', which appear
to have been laid out to accommodate large numbers of
people.
(4º§) Criterion (i): The Nasca Lines and Geoglyphs form
a unique and magnificent artistic achievement of the
Andean culture that is unrivalled in its extension,
dimensions and diversity and long existence anywhere in
the prehistoric world.
(5º§) Criterion (iii): The Nasca and Pampas de Jumana
Lines and Geoglyphs, through its unique form of land
use, are an exceptional testimony of the culture and
magical-religious tradition and beliefs of the societies that
developed in Pre-Columbian South America between the
8th BC and 8th AD centuries.
(6º§) Criterion (iv): The system of lines and geoglyphs,
which has survived intact for more than two millennia,
evidences an unusual way of using the land and the
natural environment that represent a highly symbolic
cultural landscape, using a construction technology that
allowed them to design large-scale figures with
outstanding geometric precision.
(7º§) The Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de
Jumana, with their protection area that extends over
75,358.47 Ha, are well defined and include all physical
aspects that convey the Outstanding Universal Value of
the property, including its surrounding landscape with
which they make up an indivisible unit in a harmonious
relationship that has survived virtually unaltered over the
centuries.
(8º§) The Pleistocene alluvial terrace, currently with
occasional water activity (only during the El Niño
Southern Oscillation - ENSO) and the low rainfall rates
(the lowest in the world), determine desert climate
characteristics and extreme aridity that have favoured the
preservation of the Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and
Pampas de Jumana. Likewise, harmful human activity
has caused no severe impact on the property, so the
geoglyphs and cultural landscape have remained intact
for nearly two millennia, from their design in the 8th
century BC to nowadays. The cleaning and preservation
works performed have not affected the property's integrity
and have promoted their conservation.
(9º§) The construction of the South Pan-American
Highway, which directly crosses the property, has caused
damages in some lines and figures sectors. However,
most of the lines and figures are in fair condition.
(10º§) The authenticity of the Lines and Geoglyphs of
Nasca and Pampas de Jumana is indisputable. The
method of their formation, by removing the overlying
weathered gravels to reveal the lighter bedrock, is such
that their authenticity is assured. The creation, design,
morphology, size and variety of the geoglyphs and lines
correspond to the original designs produced during the
historic evolution of the region's and have remained
unchanged. The ideology, symbolism and sacred and
ritual character of the geoglyphs and the landscape are
clearly represented, and their significance remains intact
even today.
(11º§) The concentration and overlapping of lines and
figures provide a clear evidence of long and intense
activity in the territory, reflecting the millenary
magical-religious tradition of this activity by pre-Hispanic
societies and the historic continuity in Nasca's Rio
Grande river basin. The property also shows different
social process stages. Several historic sources and
researches confirm the property's originality and its
original landscape surroundings still preserved in pristine
condition and unaltered.
(12º§) Even though there have been some impacts
caused by natural and human factors, these have been
minimal and the geoglyphs maintain their authenticity and
express their high symbolic and historic value even
today.
(13º§) The National Constitution (Art 36) and Law Nº
28296, General Law for National Cultural Heritage are
the main legal protection tools for the Lines and
Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de Jumana,
(14º§) The protection area boundaries are established by
Resolution Nº 421/INC as an Archaeological Reserve.
However, it has been recommended to redefine those boundaries according to the lines and geoglyphs' real
distribution in the field and submit a new proposal to the
World Heritage Committee.
(15º§) Since 1941 foreign scientists (notably Dr. Maria
Reiche) and the Ministry of Culture have carried out
archaeological investigation, conservation, permanent
protection and maintenance measures.
(16º§) The management and protection of the Lines and
Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de Jumana is the
responsibility of the Peruvian Government represented by
the Ministry of Culture. Documentation, research,
protection and dissemination activities are being
performed through the implementation of national and
international research projects and civil associations, in
the territory of Nasca and Palpa provinces.
(17º§) A management plan "Sistema de Gestión para el
Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del territorio de Nasca y
Palpa" for the entire area, which is fundamental in the
protection of the Lines and Geoglyphs, has been
formulated and is being implemented.
https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/700/
What does "unrivalled" mean in the sentence: "[...]
unrivalled in its extension, dimensions, and diversity [...]"
(4º§)?
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Unesc
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC
Prova:
Unesc - 2023 - Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC - Professor de Inglês |
Q2346884
Inglês
Texto associado
Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Palpa
(1º§) Located in the arid Peruvian coastal plain, some
400 km south of Lima, the geoglyphs of Nasca and the
pampas of Jumana cover about 450 km2 . These lines,
which were scratched on the surface of the ground
between 500 B.C. and A.D. 500, are among
archaeology's greatest enigmas because of their
quantity, nature, size and continuity. The geoglyphs
depict living creatures, stylized plants and imaginary
beings, as well as geometric figures several kilometres
long. They are believed to have had ritual astronomical
functions.
(2º§) Located in the arid Peruvian coastal plain, some
400 km south of Lima, the Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca
and Pampas de Jumana are one of the most
impressive-looking archaeological areas in the world and
an extraordinary example of the traditional and millenary
magical-religious world of the ancient Pre-Hispanic
societies which flourished on the Peruvian south coast
between the 8th century BC and the 8th century AD.
They are located in the desert plains of the basin river of Rio Grande de Nasca, the archaeological site covers an
area of approximately 75,358.47 Ha where for nearly
2,000 uninterrupted years, the region's ancient
inhabitants drew on the arid ground a great variety of
thousands of large scale zoomorphic and
anthropomorphic figures and lines or sweeps with
outstanding geometric precision, transforming the vast
land into a highly symbolic, ritual and social cultural
landscape that remains until today. They represent a
remarkable manifestation of a common religion and
social homogeneity that lasted a considerable period of
time.
(3º§) They are the most outstanding group of geoglyphs
anywhere in the world and are unmatched in its extent,
magnitude, quantity, size, diversity and ancient tradition
to any similar work in the world. The concentration and
juxtaposition of the lines, as well as their cultural
continuity, demonstrate that this was an important and
long-lasting activity, lasting approximately one thousand
years. Intensive study of the geoglyphs and comparison
with other manifestations of contemporary art forms
suggests that they can be divided chronologically from
the Middle and Late Formative (500 BC − 200 AD) to the
Regional Development Period (200 − 500 AD),
highlighting the Paracas phase (400 - 200 BC) and the
Nasca phase (200 BC - 500 AD). There are two
categories of glyphs: the first group is representational,
depicting in schematic form a variety of natural forms
including animals, birds, insects, and other living
creatures and flowers, plants, and trees, deformed or
fantastic figures and objects of everyday life. There are
very few anthropomorphic figures. The second group
comprises the lines, which are generally straight lines
that criss-cross certain parts of the pampas in all
directions. Some are several kilometres in length and
form designs of many different geometrical figures -
triangles, spirals, rectangles, wavy lines, etc. Others
radiate from a central promontory or encircle it. Yet
another group consists of so-called 'tracks', which appear
to have been laid out to accommodate large numbers of
people.
(4º§) Criterion (i): The Nasca Lines and Geoglyphs form
a unique and magnificent artistic achievement of the
Andean culture that is unrivalled in its extension,
dimensions and diversity and long existence anywhere in
the prehistoric world.
(5º§) Criterion (iii): The Nasca and Pampas de Jumana
Lines and Geoglyphs, through its unique form of land
use, are an exceptional testimony of the culture and
magical-religious tradition and beliefs of the societies that
developed in Pre-Columbian South America between the
8th BC and 8th AD centuries.
(6º§) Criterion (iv): The system of lines and geoglyphs,
which has survived intact for more than two millennia,
evidences an unusual way of using the land and the
natural environment that represent a highly symbolic
cultural landscape, using a construction technology that
allowed them to design large-scale figures with
outstanding geometric precision.
(7º§) The Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de
Jumana, with their protection area that extends over
75,358.47 Ha, are well defined and include all physical
aspects that convey the Outstanding Universal Value of
the property, including its surrounding landscape with
which they make up an indivisible unit in a harmonious
relationship that has survived virtually unaltered over the
centuries.
(8º§) The Pleistocene alluvial terrace, currently with
occasional water activity (only during the El Niño
Southern Oscillation - ENSO) and the low rainfall rates
(the lowest in the world), determine desert climate
characteristics and extreme aridity that have favoured the
preservation of the Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and
Pampas de Jumana. Likewise, harmful human activity
has caused no severe impact on the property, so the
geoglyphs and cultural landscape have remained intact
for nearly two millennia, from their design in the 8th
century BC to nowadays. The cleaning and preservation
works performed have not affected the property's integrity
and have promoted their conservation.
(9º§) The construction of the South Pan-American
Highway, which directly crosses the property, has caused
damages in some lines and figures sectors. However,
most of the lines and figures are in fair condition.
(10º§) The authenticity of the Lines and Geoglyphs of
Nasca and Pampas de Jumana is indisputable. The
method of their formation, by removing the overlying
weathered gravels to reveal the lighter bedrock, is such
that their authenticity is assured. The creation, design,
morphology, size and variety of the geoglyphs and lines
correspond to the original designs produced during the
historic evolution of the region's and have remained
unchanged. The ideology, symbolism and sacred and
ritual character of the geoglyphs and the landscape are
clearly represented, and their significance remains intact
even today.
(11º§) The concentration and overlapping of lines and
figures provide a clear evidence of long and intense
activity in the territory, reflecting the millenary
magical-religious tradition of this activity by pre-Hispanic
societies and the historic continuity in Nasca's Rio
Grande river basin. The property also shows different
social process stages. Several historic sources and
researches confirm the property's originality and its
original landscape surroundings still preserved in pristine
condition and unaltered.
(12º§) Even though there have been some impacts
caused by natural and human factors, these have been
minimal and the geoglyphs maintain their authenticity and
express their high symbolic and historic value even
today.
(13º§) The National Constitution (Art 36) and Law Nº
28296, General Law for National Cultural Heritage are
the main legal protection tools for the Lines and
Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de Jumana,
(14º§) The protection area boundaries are established by
Resolution Nº 421/INC as an Archaeological Reserve.
However, it has been recommended to redefine those boundaries according to the lines and geoglyphs' real
distribution in the field and submit a new proposal to the
World Heritage Committee.
(15º§) Since 1941 foreign scientists (notably Dr. Maria
Reiche) and the Ministry of Culture have carried out
archaeological investigation, conservation, permanent
protection and maintenance measures.
(16º§) The management and protection of the Lines and
Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de Jumana is the
responsibility of the Peruvian Government represented by
the Ministry of Culture. Documentation, research,
protection and dissemination activities are being
performed through the implementation of national and
international research projects and civil associations, in
the territory of Nasca and Palpa provinces.
(17º§) A management plan "Sistema de Gestión para el
Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del territorio de Nasca y
Palpa" for the entire area, which is fundamental in the
protection of the Lines and Geoglyphs, has been
formulated and is being implemented.
https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/700/
Identify the cohesive device used in the following
sentence: "Even though there have been some impacts
caused by natural and human factors, these have been
minimal and the geoglyphs maintain their authenticity and
express their high symbolic and historic value even
today." (12º§)
Select the correct alternative.
Select the correct alternative.
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Unesc
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC
Prova:
Unesc - 2023 - Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC - Professor de Inglês |
Q2346883
Inglês
Texto associado
Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Palpa
(1º§) Located in the arid Peruvian coastal plain, some
400 km south of Lima, the geoglyphs of Nasca and the
pampas of Jumana cover about 450 km2 . These lines,
which were scratched on the surface of the ground
between 500 B.C. and A.D. 500, are among
archaeology's greatest enigmas because of their
quantity, nature, size and continuity. The geoglyphs
depict living creatures, stylized plants and imaginary
beings, as well as geometric figures several kilometres
long. They are believed to have had ritual astronomical
functions.
(2º§) Located in the arid Peruvian coastal plain, some
400 km south of Lima, the Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca
and Pampas de Jumana are one of the most
impressive-looking archaeological areas in the world and
an extraordinary example of the traditional and millenary
magical-religious world of the ancient Pre-Hispanic
societies which flourished on the Peruvian south coast
between the 8th century BC and the 8th century AD.
They are located in the desert plains of the basin river of Rio Grande de Nasca, the archaeological site covers an
area of approximately 75,358.47 Ha where for nearly
2,000 uninterrupted years, the region's ancient
inhabitants drew on the arid ground a great variety of
thousands of large scale zoomorphic and
anthropomorphic figures and lines or sweeps with
outstanding geometric precision, transforming the vast
land into a highly symbolic, ritual and social cultural
landscape that remains until today. They represent a
remarkable manifestation of a common religion and
social homogeneity that lasted a considerable period of
time.
(3º§) They are the most outstanding group of geoglyphs
anywhere in the world and are unmatched in its extent,
magnitude, quantity, size, diversity and ancient tradition
to any similar work in the world. The concentration and
juxtaposition of the lines, as well as their cultural
continuity, demonstrate that this was an important and
long-lasting activity, lasting approximately one thousand
years. Intensive study of the geoglyphs and comparison
with other manifestations of contemporary art forms
suggests that they can be divided chronologically from
the Middle and Late Formative (500 BC − 200 AD) to the
Regional Development Period (200 − 500 AD),
highlighting the Paracas phase (400 - 200 BC) and the
Nasca phase (200 BC - 500 AD). There are two
categories of glyphs: the first group is representational,
depicting in schematic form a variety of natural forms
including animals, birds, insects, and other living
creatures and flowers, plants, and trees, deformed or
fantastic figures and objects of everyday life. There are
very few anthropomorphic figures. The second group
comprises the lines, which are generally straight lines
that criss-cross certain parts of the pampas in all
directions. Some are several kilometres in length and
form designs of many different geometrical figures -
triangles, spirals, rectangles, wavy lines, etc. Others
radiate from a central promontory or encircle it. Yet
another group consists of so-called 'tracks', which appear
to have been laid out to accommodate large numbers of
people.
(4º§) Criterion (i): The Nasca Lines and Geoglyphs form
a unique and magnificent artistic achievement of the
Andean culture that is unrivalled in its extension,
dimensions and diversity and long existence anywhere in
the prehistoric world.
(5º§) Criterion (iii): The Nasca and Pampas de Jumana
Lines and Geoglyphs, through its unique form of land
use, are an exceptional testimony of the culture and
magical-religious tradition and beliefs of the societies that
developed in Pre-Columbian South America between the
8th BC and 8th AD centuries.
(6º§) Criterion (iv): The system of lines and geoglyphs,
which has survived intact for more than two millennia,
evidences an unusual way of using the land and the
natural environment that represent a highly symbolic
cultural landscape, using a construction technology that
allowed them to design large-scale figures with
outstanding geometric precision.
(7º§) The Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de
Jumana, with their protection area that extends over
75,358.47 Ha, are well defined and include all physical
aspects that convey the Outstanding Universal Value of
the property, including its surrounding landscape with
which they make up an indivisible unit in a harmonious
relationship that has survived virtually unaltered over the
centuries.
(8º§) The Pleistocene alluvial terrace, currently with
occasional water activity (only during the El Niño
Southern Oscillation - ENSO) and the low rainfall rates
(the lowest in the world), determine desert climate
characteristics and extreme aridity that have favoured the
preservation of the Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and
Pampas de Jumana. Likewise, harmful human activity
has caused no severe impact on the property, so the
geoglyphs and cultural landscape have remained intact
for nearly two millennia, from their design in the 8th
century BC to nowadays. The cleaning and preservation
works performed have not affected the property's integrity
and have promoted their conservation.
(9º§) The construction of the South Pan-American
Highway, which directly crosses the property, has caused
damages in some lines and figures sectors. However,
most of the lines and figures are in fair condition.
(10º§) The authenticity of the Lines and Geoglyphs of
Nasca and Pampas de Jumana is indisputable. The
method of their formation, by removing the overlying
weathered gravels to reveal the lighter bedrock, is such
that their authenticity is assured. The creation, design,
morphology, size and variety of the geoglyphs and lines
correspond to the original designs produced during the
historic evolution of the region's and have remained
unchanged. The ideology, symbolism and sacred and
ritual character of the geoglyphs and the landscape are
clearly represented, and their significance remains intact
even today.
(11º§) The concentration and overlapping of lines and
figures provide a clear evidence of long and intense
activity in the territory, reflecting the millenary
magical-religious tradition of this activity by pre-Hispanic
societies and the historic continuity in Nasca's Rio
Grande river basin. The property also shows different
social process stages. Several historic sources and
researches confirm the property's originality and its
original landscape surroundings still preserved in pristine
condition and unaltered.
(12º§) Even though there have been some impacts
caused by natural and human factors, these have been
minimal and the geoglyphs maintain their authenticity and
express their high symbolic and historic value even
today.
(13º§) The National Constitution (Art 36) and Law Nº
28296, General Law for National Cultural Heritage are
the main legal protection tools for the Lines and
Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de Jumana,
(14º§) The protection area boundaries are established by
Resolution Nº 421/INC as an Archaeological Reserve.
However, it has been recommended to redefine those boundaries according to the lines and geoglyphs' real
distribution in the field and submit a new proposal to the
World Heritage Committee.
(15º§) Since 1941 foreign scientists (notably Dr. Maria
Reiche) and the Ministry of Culture have carried out
archaeological investigation, conservation, permanent
protection and maintenance measures.
(16º§) The management and protection of the Lines and
Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de Jumana is the
responsibility of the Peruvian Government represented by
the Ministry of Culture. Documentation, research,
protection and dissemination activities are being
performed through the implementation of national and
international research projects and civil associations, in
the territory of Nasca and Palpa provinces.
(17º§) A management plan "Sistema de Gestión para el
Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del territorio de Nasca y
Palpa" for the entire area, which is fundamental in the
protection of the Lines and Geoglyphs, has been
formulated and is being implemented.
https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/700/
What is the main purpose of the Nasca and Pampas de
Jumana geoglyphs?
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Unesc
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC
Prova:
Unesc - 2023 - Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC - Professor de Inglês |
Q2346882
Inglês
Texto associado
Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Palpa
(1º§) Located in the arid Peruvian coastal plain, some
400 km south of Lima, the geoglyphs of Nasca and the
pampas of Jumana cover about 450 km2 . These lines,
which were scratched on the surface of the ground
between 500 B.C. and A.D. 500, are among
archaeology's greatest enigmas because of their
quantity, nature, size and continuity. The geoglyphs
depict living creatures, stylized plants and imaginary
beings, as well as geometric figures several kilometres
long. They are believed to have had ritual astronomical
functions.
(2º§) Located in the arid Peruvian coastal plain, some
400 km south of Lima, the Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca
and Pampas de Jumana are one of the most
impressive-looking archaeological areas in the world and
an extraordinary example of the traditional and millenary
magical-religious world of the ancient Pre-Hispanic
societies which flourished on the Peruvian south coast
between the 8th century BC and the 8th century AD.
They are located in the desert plains of the basin river of Rio Grande de Nasca, the archaeological site covers an
area of approximately 75,358.47 Ha where for nearly
2,000 uninterrupted years, the region's ancient
inhabitants drew on the arid ground a great variety of
thousands of large scale zoomorphic and
anthropomorphic figures and lines or sweeps with
outstanding geometric precision, transforming the vast
land into a highly symbolic, ritual and social cultural
landscape that remains until today. They represent a
remarkable manifestation of a common religion and
social homogeneity that lasted a considerable period of
time.
(3º§) They are the most outstanding group of geoglyphs
anywhere in the world and are unmatched in its extent,
magnitude, quantity, size, diversity and ancient tradition
to any similar work in the world. The concentration and
juxtaposition of the lines, as well as their cultural
continuity, demonstrate that this was an important and
long-lasting activity, lasting approximately one thousand
years. Intensive study of the geoglyphs and comparison
with other manifestations of contemporary art forms
suggests that they can be divided chronologically from
the Middle and Late Formative (500 BC − 200 AD) to the
Regional Development Period (200 − 500 AD),
highlighting the Paracas phase (400 - 200 BC) and the
Nasca phase (200 BC - 500 AD). There are two
categories of glyphs: the first group is representational,
depicting in schematic form a variety of natural forms
including animals, birds, insects, and other living
creatures and flowers, plants, and trees, deformed or
fantastic figures and objects of everyday life. There are
very few anthropomorphic figures. The second group
comprises the lines, which are generally straight lines
that criss-cross certain parts of the pampas in all
directions. Some are several kilometres in length and
form designs of many different geometrical figures -
triangles, spirals, rectangles, wavy lines, etc. Others
radiate from a central promontory or encircle it. Yet
another group consists of so-called 'tracks', which appear
to have been laid out to accommodate large numbers of
people.
(4º§) Criterion (i): The Nasca Lines and Geoglyphs form
a unique and magnificent artistic achievement of the
Andean culture that is unrivalled in its extension,
dimensions and diversity and long existence anywhere in
the prehistoric world.
(5º§) Criterion (iii): The Nasca and Pampas de Jumana
Lines and Geoglyphs, through its unique form of land
use, are an exceptional testimony of the culture and
magical-religious tradition and beliefs of the societies that
developed in Pre-Columbian South America between the
8th BC and 8th AD centuries.
(6º§) Criterion (iv): The system of lines and geoglyphs,
which has survived intact for more than two millennia,
evidences an unusual way of using the land and the
natural environment that represent a highly symbolic
cultural landscape, using a construction technology that
allowed them to design large-scale figures with
outstanding geometric precision.
(7º§) The Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de
Jumana, with their protection area that extends over
75,358.47 Ha, are well defined and include all physical
aspects that convey the Outstanding Universal Value of
the property, including its surrounding landscape with
which they make up an indivisible unit in a harmonious
relationship that has survived virtually unaltered over the
centuries.
(8º§) The Pleistocene alluvial terrace, currently with
occasional water activity (only during the El Niño
Southern Oscillation - ENSO) and the low rainfall rates
(the lowest in the world), determine desert climate
characteristics and extreme aridity that have favoured the
preservation of the Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and
Pampas de Jumana. Likewise, harmful human activity
has caused no severe impact on the property, so the
geoglyphs and cultural landscape have remained intact
for nearly two millennia, from their design in the 8th
century BC to nowadays. The cleaning and preservation
works performed have not affected the property's integrity
and have promoted their conservation.
(9º§) The construction of the South Pan-American
Highway, which directly crosses the property, has caused
damages in some lines and figures sectors. However,
most of the lines and figures are in fair condition.
(10º§) The authenticity of the Lines and Geoglyphs of
Nasca and Pampas de Jumana is indisputable. The
method of their formation, by removing the overlying
weathered gravels to reveal the lighter bedrock, is such
that their authenticity is assured. The creation, design,
morphology, size and variety of the geoglyphs and lines
correspond to the original designs produced during the
historic evolution of the region's and have remained
unchanged. The ideology, symbolism and sacred and
ritual character of the geoglyphs and the landscape are
clearly represented, and their significance remains intact
even today.
(11º§) The concentration and overlapping of lines and
figures provide a clear evidence of long and intense
activity in the territory, reflecting the millenary
magical-religious tradition of this activity by pre-Hispanic
societies and the historic continuity in Nasca's Rio
Grande river basin. The property also shows different
social process stages. Several historic sources and
researches confirm the property's originality and its
original landscape surroundings still preserved in pristine
condition and unaltered.
(12º§) Even though there have been some impacts
caused by natural and human factors, these have been
minimal and the geoglyphs maintain their authenticity and
express their high symbolic and historic value even
today.
(13º§) The National Constitution (Art 36) and Law Nº
28296, General Law for National Cultural Heritage are
the main legal protection tools for the Lines and
Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de Jumana,
(14º§) The protection area boundaries are established by
Resolution Nº 421/INC as an Archaeological Reserve.
However, it has been recommended to redefine those boundaries according to the lines and geoglyphs' real
distribution in the field and submit a new proposal to the
World Heritage Committee.
(15º§) Since 1941 foreign scientists (notably Dr. Maria
Reiche) and the Ministry of Culture have carried out
archaeological investigation, conservation, permanent
protection and maintenance measures.
(16º§) The management and protection of the Lines and
Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de Jumana is the
responsibility of the Peruvian Government represented by
the Ministry of Culture. Documentation, research,
protection and dissemination activities are being
performed through the implementation of national and
international research projects and civil associations, in
the territory of Nasca and Palpa provinces.
(17º§) A management plan "Sistema de Gestión para el
Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del territorio de Nasca y
Palpa" for the entire area, which is fundamental in the
protection of the Lines and Geoglyphs, has been
formulated and is being implemented.
https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/700/
According to the text, why are the Lines and Geoglyphs
of Nasca and Pampas de Jumana considered an
"exceptional testimony" of the magical-religious tradition
in Pre-Columbian South America?
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Unesc
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC
Prova:
Unesc - 2023 - Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC - Professor de Inglês |
Q2346881
Inglês
Texto associado
Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Palpa
(1º§) Located in the arid Peruvian coastal plain, some
400 km south of Lima, the geoglyphs of Nasca and the
pampas of Jumana cover about 450 km2 . These lines,
which were scratched on the surface of the ground
between 500 B.C. and A.D. 500, are among
archaeology's greatest enigmas because of their
quantity, nature, size and continuity. The geoglyphs
depict living creatures, stylized plants and imaginary
beings, as well as geometric figures several kilometres
long. They are believed to have had ritual astronomical
functions.
(2º§) Located in the arid Peruvian coastal plain, some
400 km south of Lima, the Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca
and Pampas de Jumana are one of the most
impressive-looking archaeological areas in the world and
an extraordinary example of the traditional and millenary
magical-religious world of the ancient Pre-Hispanic
societies which flourished on the Peruvian south coast
between the 8th century BC and the 8th century AD.
They are located in the desert plains of the basin river of Rio Grande de Nasca, the archaeological site covers an
area of approximately 75,358.47 Ha where for nearly
2,000 uninterrupted years, the region's ancient
inhabitants drew on the arid ground a great variety of
thousands of large scale zoomorphic and
anthropomorphic figures and lines or sweeps with
outstanding geometric precision, transforming the vast
land into a highly symbolic, ritual and social cultural
landscape that remains until today. They represent a
remarkable manifestation of a common religion and
social homogeneity that lasted a considerable period of
time.
(3º§) They are the most outstanding group of geoglyphs
anywhere in the world and are unmatched in its extent,
magnitude, quantity, size, diversity and ancient tradition
to any similar work in the world. The concentration and
juxtaposition of the lines, as well as their cultural
continuity, demonstrate that this was an important and
long-lasting activity, lasting approximately one thousand
years. Intensive study of the geoglyphs and comparison
with other manifestations of contemporary art forms
suggests that they can be divided chronologically from
the Middle and Late Formative (500 BC − 200 AD) to the
Regional Development Period (200 − 500 AD),
highlighting the Paracas phase (400 - 200 BC) and the
Nasca phase (200 BC - 500 AD). There are two
categories of glyphs: the first group is representational,
depicting in schematic form a variety of natural forms
including animals, birds, insects, and other living
creatures and flowers, plants, and trees, deformed or
fantastic figures and objects of everyday life. There are
very few anthropomorphic figures. The second group
comprises the lines, which are generally straight lines
that criss-cross certain parts of the pampas in all
directions. Some are several kilometres in length and
form designs of many different geometrical figures -
triangles, spirals, rectangles, wavy lines, etc. Others
radiate from a central promontory or encircle it. Yet
another group consists of so-called 'tracks', which appear
to have been laid out to accommodate large numbers of
people.
(4º§) Criterion (i): The Nasca Lines and Geoglyphs form
a unique and magnificent artistic achievement of the
Andean culture that is unrivalled in its extension,
dimensions and diversity and long existence anywhere in
the prehistoric world.
(5º§) Criterion (iii): The Nasca and Pampas de Jumana
Lines and Geoglyphs, through its unique form of land
use, are an exceptional testimony of the culture and
magical-religious tradition and beliefs of the societies that
developed in Pre-Columbian South America between the
8th BC and 8th AD centuries.
(6º§) Criterion (iv): The system of lines and geoglyphs,
which has survived intact for more than two millennia,
evidences an unusual way of using the land and the
natural environment that represent a highly symbolic
cultural landscape, using a construction technology that
allowed them to design large-scale figures with
outstanding geometric precision.
(7º§) The Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de
Jumana, with their protection area that extends over
75,358.47 Ha, are well defined and include all physical
aspects that convey the Outstanding Universal Value of
the property, including its surrounding landscape with
which they make up an indivisible unit in a harmonious
relationship that has survived virtually unaltered over the
centuries.
(8º§) The Pleistocene alluvial terrace, currently with
occasional water activity (only during the El Niño
Southern Oscillation - ENSO) and the low rainfall rates
(the lowest in the world), determine desert climate
characteristics and extreme aridity that have favoured the
preservation of the Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and
Pampas de Jumana. Likewise, harmful human activity
has caused no severe impact on the property, so the
geoglyphs and cultural landscape have remained intact
for nearly two millennia, from their design in the 8th
century BC to nowadays. The cleaning and preservation
works performed have not affected the property's integrity
and have promoted their conservation.
(9º§) The construction of the South Pan-American
Highway, which directly crosses the property, has caused
damages in some lines and figures sectors. However,
most of the lines and figures are in fair condition.
(10º§) The authenticity of the Lines and Geoglyphs of
Nasca and Pampas de Jumana is indisputable. The
method of their formation, by removing the overlying
weathered gravels to reveal the lighter bedrock, is such
that their authenticity is assured. The creation, design,
morphology, size and variety of the geoglyphs and lines
correspond to the original designs produced during the
historic evolution of the region's and have remained
unchanged. The ideology, symbolism and sacred and
ritual character of the geoglyphs and the landscape are
clearly represented, and their significance remains intact
even today.
(11º§) The concentration and overlapping of lines and
figures provide a clear evidence of long and intense
activity in the territory, reflecting the millenary
magical-religious tradition of this activity by pre-Hispanic
societies and the historic continuity in Nasca's Rio
Grande river basin. The property also shows different
social process stages. Several historic sources and
researches confirm the property's originality and its
original landscape surroundings still preserved in pristine
condition and unaltered.
(12º§) Even though there have been some impacts
caused by natural and human factors, these have been
minimal and the geoglyphs maintain their authenticity and
express their high symbolic and historic value even
today.
(13º§) The National Constitution (Art 36) and Law Nº
28296, General Law for National Cultural Heritage are
the main legal protection tools for the Lines and
Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de Jumana,
(14º§) The protection area boundaries are established by
Resolution Nº 421/INC as an Archaeological Reserve.
However, it has been recommended to redefine those boundaries according to the lines and geoglyphs' real
distribution in the field and submit a new proposal to the
World Heritage Committee.
(15º§) Since 1941 foreign scientists (notably Dr. Maria
Reiche) and the Ministry of Culture have carried out
archaeological investigation, conservation, permanent
protection and maintenance measures.
(16º§) The management and protection of the Lines and
Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de Jumana is the
responsibility of the Peruvian Government represented by
the Ministry of Culture. Documentation, research,
protection and dissemination activities are being
performed through the implementation of national and
international research projects and civil associations, in
the territory of Nasca and Palpa provinces.
(17º§) A management plan "Sistema de Gestión para el
Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del territorio de Nasca y
Palpa" for the entire area, which is fundamental in the
protection of the Lines and Geoglyphs, has been
formulated and is being implemented.
https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/700/
Choose the word that is closest in meaning to
"juxtaposition" as it is used in the sentence: "The
concentration and juxtaposition of the lines demonstrate
that this was an important and long-lasting activity." (3º§)
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Unesc
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC
Prova:
Unesc - 2023 - Prefeitura de Balneário Rincão - SC - Professor de Inglês |
Q2346880
Inglês
Texto associado
Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Palpa
(1º§) Located in the arid Peruvian coastal plain, some
400 km south of Lima, the geoglyphs of Nasca and the
pampas of Jumana cover about 450 km2 . These lines,
which were scratched on the surface of the ground
between 500 B.C. and A.D. 500, are among
archaeology's greatest enigmas because of their
quantity, nature, size and continuity. The geoglyphs
depict living creatures, stylized plants and imaginary
beings, as well as geometric figures several kilometres
long. They are believed to have had ritual astronomical
functions.
(2º§) Located in the arid Peruvian coastal plain, some
400 km south of Lima, the Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca
and Pampas de Jumana are one of the most
impressive-looking archaeological areas in the world and
an extraordinary example of the traditional and millenary
magical-religious world of the ancient Pre-Hispanic
societies which flourished on the Peruvian south coast
between the 8th century BC and the 8th century AD.
They are located in the desert plains of the basin river of Rio Grande de Nasca, the archaeological site covers an
area of approximately 75,358.47 Ha where for nearly
2,000 uninterrupted years, the region's ancient
inhabitants drew on the arid ground a great variety of
thousands of large scale zoomorphic and
anthropomorphic figures and lines or sweeps with
outstanding geometric precision, transforming the vast
land into a highly symbolic, ritual and social cultural
landscape that remains until today. They represent a
remarkable manifestation of a common religion and
social homogeneity that lasted a considerable period of
time.
(3º§) They are the most outstanding group of geoglyphs
anywhere in the world and are unmatched in its extent,
magnitude, quantity, size, diversity and ancient tradition
to any similar work in the world. The concentration and
juxtaposition of the lines, as well as their cultural
continuity, demonstrate that this was an important and
long-lasting activity, lasting approximately one thousand
years. Intensive study of the geoglyphs and comparison
with other manifestations of contemporary art forms
suggests that they can be divided chronologically from
the Middle and Late Formative (500 BC − 200 AD) to the
Regional Development Period (200 − 500 AD),
highlighting the Paracas phase (400 - 200 BC) and the
Nasca phase (200 BC - 500 AD). There are two
categories of glyphs: the first group is representational,
depicting in schematic form a variety of natural forms
including animals, birds, insects, and other living
creatures and flowers, plants, and trees, deformed or
fantastic figures and objects of everyday life. There are
very few anthropomorphic figures. The second group
comprises the lines, which are generally straight lines
that criss-cross certain parts of the pampas in all
directions. Some are several kilometres in length and
form designs of many different geometrical figures -
triangles, spirals, rectangles, wavy lines, etc. Others
radiate from a central promontory or encircle it. Yet
another group consists of so-called 'tracks', which appear
to have been laid out to accommodate large numbers of
people.
(4º§) Criterion (i): The Nasca Lines and Geoglyphs form
a unique and magnificent artistic achievement of the
Andean culture that is unrivalled in its extension,
dimensions and diversity and long existence anywhere in
the prehistoric world.
(5º§) Criterion (iii): The Nasca and Pampas de Jumana
Lines and Geoglyphs, through its unique form of land
use, are an exceptional testimony of the culture and
magical-religious tradition and beliefs of the societies that
developed in Pre-Columbian South America between the
8th BC and 8th AD centuries.
(6º§) Criterion (iv): The system of lines and geoglyphs,
which has survived intact for more than two millennia,
evidences an unusual way of using the land and the
natural environment that represent a highly symbolic
cultural landscape, using a construction technology that
allowed them to design large-scale figures with
outstanding geometric precision.
(7º§) The Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de
Jumana, with their protection area that extends over
75,358.47 Ha, are well defined and include all physical
aspects that convey the Outstanding Universal Value of
the property, including its surrounding landscape with
which they make up an indivisible unit in a harmonious
relationship that has survived virtually unaltered over the
centuries.
(8º§) The Pleistocene alluvial terrace, currently with
occasional water activity (only during the El Niño
Southern Oscillation - ENSO) and the low rainfall rates
(the lowest in the world), determine desert climate
characteristics and extreme aridity that have favoured the
preservation of the Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and
Pampas de Jumana. Likewise, harmful human activity
has caused no severe impact on the property, so the
geoglyphs and cultural landscape have remained intact
for nearly two millennia, from their design in the 8th
century BC to nowadays. The cleaning and preservation
works performed have not affected the property's integrity
and have promoted their conservation.
(9º§) The construction of the South Pan-American
Highway, which directly crosses the property, has caused
damages in some lines and figures sectors. However,
most of the lines and figures are in fair condition.
(10º§) The authenticity of the Lines and Geoglyphs of
Nasca and Pampas de Jumana is indisputable. The
method of their formation, by removing the overlying
weathered gravels to reveal the lighter bedrock, is such
that their authenticity is assured. The creation, design,
morphology, size and variety of the geoglyphs and lines
correspond to the original designs produced during the
historic evolution of the region's and have remained
unchanged. The ideology, symbolism and sacred and
ritual character of the geoglyphs and the landscape are
clearly represented, and their significance remains intact
even today.
(11º§) The concentration and overlapping of lines and
figures provide a clear evidence of long and intense
activity in the territory, reflecting the millenary
magical-religious tradition of this activity by pre-Hispanic
societies and the historic continuity in Nasca's Rio
Grande river basin. The property also shows different
social process stages. Several historic sources and
researches confirm the property's originality and its
original landscape surroundings still preserved in pristine
condition and unaltered.
(12º§) Even though there have been some impacts
caused by natural and human factors, these have been
minimal and the geoglyphs maintain their authenticity and
express their high symbolic and historic value even
today.
(13º§) The National Constitution (Art 36) and Law Nº
28296, General Law for National Cultural Heritage are
the main legal protection tools for the Lines and
Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de Jumana,
(14º§) The protection area boundaries are established by
Resolution Nº 421/INC as an Archaeological Reserve.
However, it has been recommended to redefine those boundaries according to the lines and geoglyphs' real
distribution in the field and submit a new proposal to the
World Heritage Committee.
(15º§) Since 1941 foreign scientists (notably Dr. Maria
Reiche) and the Ministry of Culture have carried out
archaeological investigation, conservation, permanent
protection and maintenance measures.
(16º§) The management and protection of the Lines and
Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de Jumana is the
responsibility of the Peruvian Government represented by
the Ministry of Culture. Documentation, research,
protection and dissemination activities are being
performed through the implementation of national and
international research projects and civil associations, in
the territory of Nasca and Palpa provinces.
(17º§) A management plan "Sistema de Gestión para el
Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del territorio de Nasca y
Palpa" for the entire area, which is fundamental in the
protection of the Lines and Geoglyphs, has been
formulated and is being implemented.
https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/700/
How does the desert climate of the Nasca and Pampas
de Jumana region contribute to the preservation of the
geoglyphs?
Conheça nossos planos