Questões de Concurso
Sobre aspectos linguísticos | linguistic aspects em inglês
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Translanguaging is a theoretical lens that offers a different view of bilingualism and multilingualism (Vogel; Garcia; 2017).
Acerca do construto translanguaging, analise as assertivas a seguir, assinalando V, se verdadeiras, ou F, se falsas.
( ) Ao mencionar que a translanguaging oferece uma visão diferente de bilinguismo e multilinguismo, os autores se referem à ruptura da visão estanque e compartimentalizada de línguas.
( ) A translanguaging implica a concepção de um repertório linguístico único para comunicação.
( ) As visões de translanguaging e code-switching são sinônimas, não havendo, portanto, diferenças epistemológicas entre os termos.
A ordem correta de preenchimento dos parênteses, de cima para baixo, é:
I- The predominant use of connotative terms gives the text a formal character;
II- The use of verbs in the Past promotes cohesion between the ideas presented by the author of the text;
III- The central idea that enables the development of the secondary is a primitive version of technological devices;
IV- The metaphorical text in prose is more dialogical than informative.
Text I
Text I
Identify the type of Figurative Language used in the following sentences:
I. I am a deeply superficial person.
II. Round the rugged rocks the ragged rascal ran.
III. Mellow wedding bells.
IV. The mind is an ocean.
Select the alternative that identifies correctly them:
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Intonation, the rise and fall of pitch in speech, plays a
crucial role in conveying the speaker's attitude, mood, and
intended meaning in American English. Different
intonation patterns can distinguish between statements,
questions, and exclamations, contributing significantly to
effective communication.
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Word stress in American English is a crucial aspect of
pronunciation. It involves emphasizing a specific syllable
within a word, and its correct application plays a
significant role in conveying meaning and maintaining
intelligibility.
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Elliptical syntactic structures, involving the intentional
omission of elements in sentence construction, challenge
conventional linguistic comprehension. Mastering the
interpretation and production of elliptical phrases
demands a deep understanding of underlying
grammatical relationships and ellipsis strategies,
representing an advanced domain of syntax.
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Sentence stress, also known as prosody, is essential in
American English for conveying the intended meaning of
a sentence. It involves emphasizing certain words or
syllables to communicate nuances such as importance,
contrast, or emotion. Mastering sentence stress
contributes to effective communication in spoken English.
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Central to effective text interpretation is the discernment
of the author's purpose and perspective. Scrutinizing
linguistic choices, tonal variations, and structural
elements provides valuable insights into the author's
intentions, allowing readers to engage meaningfully with
the material and appreciate the text's overarching
significance.
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Syntactic ambiguity, arising from grammatical structures
that allow for multiple interpretations, is an intriguing
linguistic phenomenon. Recognizing and mitigating
syntactic ambiguity requires a profound understanding of
the structural nuances of language, highlighting the
underlying complexity in the formation of sentences in
contemporary English.
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The phenomenology of word order in syntax transcends
surface grammatical rules, delving into intricate
underlying semantic and pragmatic relationships. In this
context, understanding variations in word order requires
not only syntactic knowledge but also a sophisticated
appreciation of communicative intentions and idiomatic
expression.
Read the text and answer the following question.
Cultural behaviour in business
Much of today's business is conducted across international borders, and while the majority of the global business community might _______ the use of English as a common language, the nuances and expectations of business communication might differ greatly from culture to culture. A lack of understanding of the cultural norms and practices of our business acquaintances can result in unfair judgments, misunderstandings and breakdowns in communication. Here are three basic areas of differences in business etiquette around the world that could help stand you in good stead when you next find yourself working with someone from a different culture.
Addressing someone
When discussing this topic in a training course, a German trainee and a British trainee got into a hot debate about _______ it was appropriate for someone with a doctorate to use the corresponding title on their business card. The British trainee maintained that anyone who wasn't a medical doctor expecting to be addressed as 'Dr' was disgustingly pompous and full of themselves. The German trainee, however, argued that the hard work and years of education put into earning that PhD should give them full rights to expect to be addressed as 'Dr'.
This stark difference in opinion over something that could be conceived as minor and thus easily _______ goes to show that we often attach meaning to even the most mundane practices. When things that we are used to are done differently, it could spark the strongest reactions in us. While many Continental Europeans and Latin Americans prefer to be addressed with a title, for example Mr or Ms and their surname when meeting someone in a business context for the first time, Americans, and increasingly the British, now tend to prefer using their first names. The best thing to do is to listen and observe how your conversation partner addresses you and, if you are still unsure, do not be afraid to ask them how they would like to be addressed.
Smiling
A famous Russian proverb states that 'a smile without reason is a sign of idiocy' and a so-called 'smile of respect' is seen as insincere and often regarded with suspicion in Russia. Yet in countries like the United States, Australia and Britain, smiling is often interpreted as a sign of openness, friendship and respect, and is frequently used to break the ice.
In a piece of research done on smiles across cultures, the researchers found that smiling individuals were considered more intelligent than non-smiling people in countries such as Germany, Switzerland, China and Malaysia. However, in countries like Russia, Japan, South Korea and Iran, pictures of smiling faces were rated as less intelligent than the non-smiling ones. Meanwhile, in countries like India, Argentina and the Maldives, smiling was associated with dishonesty.
Eye contact
An American or British person might be looking their client in the eye to show that they are paying full attention to what is being said, but if that client is from Japan or Korea, they might find the direct eye contact awkward or even disrespectful. In parts of South America and Africa, _______ eye contact could also be seen as challenging authority. In the Middle East, eye contact across genders is considered inappropriate, although eye contact within a gender could signify honesty and truthfulness.
Having an increased awareness of the possible differences in expectations and _______ can help us avoid cases of miscommunication, but it is vital that we also remember that cultural stereotypes can be detrimental to building good business relationships. Although national cultures could play a part in shaping the way we behave and think, we are also largely influenced by the region we come from, the communities we associate with, our age and gender, our corporate culture and our individual experiences of the world. The knowledge of the potential differences should therefore be something we keep at the back of our minds, rather than something that we use to pigeonhole the individuals of an entire nation.
(Available at: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/c1-reading/cultural-behaviour-business, Accessed September, 2023)
Internet: <www.britannica.com> (with adaptations).
The expression “settlers’ food” (line 12) can be correctly rewritten as settlers’s food.
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