Questões de Arquitetura de Software - Padrões de projeto (Design Patterns) para Concurso

Design Patterns 
Design Patterns A design pattern is often posed as a question: how do we solve some design problem? However a design problem is, by its nature, nonspecific, and rarely has a single straight-forward answer. There might be several ways to solve the same problem, some better than others depending on the specific situation and the specific context of the problem. A design pattern is intended to share not just solutions but a better understanding of both the problem and how it might be solved. 
Firstly, patterns have a well-defined structure. This consistent layout makes it easy to browse through a collection of patterns to find relevant help and then dive further into the material. The structure encourages the author of the pattern to think carefully about the knowledge they're sharing, whilst making the material more consistently accessible to a reader. 
Secondly, unlike a tutorial or recipe which typically guides you through a single approach to solving a problem, patterns encourage discussion of related and complementary approaches. Design decisions are rarely clear cut, so it can be useful to understand the context in which a decision is made and the resulting trade-offs. Communicating these nuances is how we share knowledge rather than just fixes for a problem.
Consider the following sentence from the text: “Design decisions are rarely clear cut, so it can be useful to understand the context in which a decision is made and the resulting trade-offs”. Taking into consideration the underlined excerpt from the sentence, it is correct to say that design decisions are:

O Design Patterns tem o objetivo de escrever uma solução geral e reutilizável para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de software orientados a objetos. Um dos padrões é o “GoF” ( Gang of Four ). Sabendo disso, assinale a alternativa que apresenta as famílias do GoF.