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Q2016692 Inglês
Critical Literacy

    Critical literacies are not new among scholars and researchers in literacy education. However, due to different theoretical bases, there is no unique definition of “critical literacy”. In their broadest sense, critical literacies refer to the ability to read texts going beyond their superficial meaning. That is, it implies approaching texts in a reflective way to understand working ideologies such as power, inequality, and injustice. In the realm of critical literacy, text is understood as a “vehicle through which individuals communicate with one another using the codes and conventions of society” (Robinson & Robinson, 2003, p. 3). Texts, in this sense, can be either songs, novels, poems, conversations, pictures, movies, and so on. […]

    Hence, the critical literacies approach is generally contrasted with functional literacy. The former views literacy as a social practice, while the latter views literacy as the mastery of linguistic skills. In addition, Manning (1999) developed a framework to distinguish critical literacies from functional literacy by establishing the difference between their respective ideology purpose, literacy curriculum, and instruction. On the one hand, the main objective of functional literacy is to produce skilled workers for the marketplace. Consequently, the curriculum is restrictive and the instruction is individualistic and competitive. On the other hand, for critical literacies, texts are not neutral but marked by power messages, dominating interests, and hidden agendas. In order to deconstruct these texts and unveil their ideological messages and power relationships, the curriculum is to employ materials from the everyday world as text and analytic tools.

    Critical scholars have overtly supported the idea that there is not a single procedure for incorporating critical literacies into the classroom, given that the particularities of the context where the foreign language is taught differ from one another. Thus, an approach to critical literacies “needs to be continually redefined in practice” (Comber, 2001, p. 274).


Adapted from: Jiménez, M.C. G. and Gutiérrez, C.P. “Engaging English as a Foreign Language Students in Critical Literacy Practices: The Case of a Teacher at a Private University” available at http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script= sci_arttext&pid=S1657-07902019000100091&lng=en&nrm=iso
According to the authors, critical literacy encourages students to 
Alternativas
Q2016691 Inglês
Critical Literacy

    Critical literacies are not new among scholars and researchers in literacy education. However, due to different theoretical bases, there is no unique definition of “critical literacy”. In their broadest sense, critical literacies refer to the ability to read texts going beyond their superficial meaning. That is, it implies approaching texts in a reflective way to understand working ideologies such as power, inequality, and injustice. In the realm of critical literacy, text is understood as a “vehicle through which individuals communicate with one another using the codes and conventions of society” (Robinson & Robinson, 2003, p. 3). Texts, in this sense, can be either songs, novels, poems, conversations, pictures, movies, and so on. […]

    Hence, the critical literacies approach is generally contrasted with functional literacy. The former views literacy as a social practice, while the latter views literacy as the mastery of linguistic skills. In addition, Manning (1999) developed a framework to distinguish critical literacies from functional literacy by establishing the difference between their respective ideology purpose, literacy curriculum, and instruction. On the one hand, the main objective of functional literacy is to produce skilled workers for the marketplace. Consequently, the curriculum is restrictive and the instruction is individualistic and competitive. On the other hand, for critical literacies, texts are not neutral but marked by power messages, dominating interests, and hidden agendas. In order to deconstruct these texts and unveil their ideological messages and power relationships, the curriculum is to employ materials from the everyday world as text and analytic tools.

    Critical scholars have overtly supported the idea that there is not a single procedure for incorporating critical literacies into the classroom, given that the particularities of the context where the foreign language is taught differ from one another. Thus, an approach to critical literacies “needs to be continually redefined in practice” (Comber, 2001, p. 274).


Adapted from: Jiménez, M.C. G. and Gutiérrez, C.P. “Engaging English as a Foreign Language Students in Critical Literacy Practices: The Case of a Teacher at a Private University” available at http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script= sci_arttext&pid=S1657-07902019000100091&lng=en&nrm=iso
Based on the text, mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F):
( ) The concept of critical literacy lacks precise definition.
( ) Functional and critical literacies have similar aims.
( ) Classroom practices based on critical literacy vary.
The statements are, respectively: 
Alternativas
Q2016260 Geografia
Globalização é, fundamentalmente, a integração mais estreita dos países que resultou da enorme redução dos custos de transportes e de comunicação e da destruição das barreiras artificiais à circulação de mercadorias, serviços, capitais, conhecimentos e, em menor escala, pessoas.
CAMPOS, L., CANAVEZES, S. Introdução à Globalização. Instituto Bento Jesus Caraça. CGTP. 2007
Sobre o processo de globalização, assinale a afirmativa correta.
Alternativas
Q2016259 Geografia
“A fronteira é uma invenção dos homens”.
As fronteiras delimitam os territórios e foram instrumentalizadas pelo poder político como linhas de ruptura, principalmente a partir da constituição dos Estados-nação na Europa Ocidental.
A partir da 2ª Guerra Mundial, as fronteiras sofreram significativas mudanças. Sobre essas mudanças, analise as afirmativas a seguir.
I. A ideia de fronteira e suas representações evoluiu a partir da intensificação dos fluxos eletrônicos. II. A “cortina de ferro”, a linha de ruptura que separou dois blocos, foi definida a partir de doutrinas econômicas e ideológicas opostas. III. O conceito de fronteira como linha de ruptura foi abalado à medida que se desenvolveu a construção da unidade europeia.
Está correto o que se afirma em
Alternativas
Q2016258 Geografia
Apesar das mudanças observadas na distribuição do poder mundial nos últimos anos, a posição da América Latina continua muito limitada. A integração dos países da América Latina, seu crescimento tecnológico e a melhoria na distribuição de renda constituem o caminho necessário para o fortalecimento regional, inclusive como estratégia geopolítica para sua integração ao espaço mundial.
Sobre as condições que dificultaram a integração dos países latino-americanos, assinale a afirmativa correta.
Alternativas
Respostas
216: B
217: D
218: D
219: E
220: D