Questões de Concurso Comentadas para especialista em políticas públicas e gestão governamental

Happy new year
Source: www.economist.com Jul 2nd 2009 (Adapted)
The mantra in Washington, DC is simple: spend billions now, pay later. Congress has been crafting ambitious plans for energy, health care and transport. But the mood in state capitals has been different. Forty-six states had a deadline of June 0th to pass their budgets. Just as important, those budgets had to be balanced. With the sole exemption of Vermont, America ́s state governments, unlike the federal one, are not allowed to run deficits. June was an agonizing month.
On the morning of July 1st, the first day of the new fiscal year for most states, taxpayers had reason to be glum. Connecticut, North Carolina and Ohio had passed temporary extensions. California, Arizona, Pennsylvania and Illinois did not have a balanced budget as required. Most states that did pass budgets imposed painful cuts, higher taxes and fees on everything from pesticides in Minnesota to hunting licences in Maine.
Matters would be worse if it were not for Washington ́s stimulus package, which provides more than $135 billion to support state budgets. Most money, $87 billion, is for Medicaid, the government ́s health-care programme for the poor. A further $48 billion created a State Fiscal Stabilisation Fund, mostly for schools and universities.
According to paragraph 3,

Faith-based politics
Source: Newsweek Magazine (Adapted) May 25th 2009
Tony Blair, Britain ́s longest-serving Labour Prime Minister, left office in 2007 as a relatively young man of 54. At his office in London, Blair spoke to NEWSWEEK ́s Stryker McGuire. Excerpts:
Question 2: How do you think President Barack Obama is doing as a leader and healer on the world scene? 
He ́s created a situation where there is a possibility of a completely different form of engagement with the world of Islam and with the outside world. The single most important thing for him is that his decision to reach out is answered by the rest of the world by a decision to reach back. As I keep saying to people, he doesn ́t want cheerleaders; he wants partners. You know, he doesn ́t want people to tell him how great he is; he ́s perfectly well aware of the transient nature of all that fluff, as it were, around the new president and the first hundred days. He ́s trying to change the world in partnership, and he needs partners to do it.
In his answer to question 2, Mr Blair says that President Barack Obama is “perfectly well aware of the transient nature of all that fluff.” In other words, the US President

pós a implementação do Plano Real, o Governo Federal desenvolveu um conjunto de ações que foram além da criação da nova moeda denotada por “Real”. Entre essas ações, destacamos a renegociação da dívida externa e suspensão da moratória, em que uma das características foi: 

Why Some State Immigration Laws are Welcoming but Others are Downright Hostile 1. Immigration policy reform has become a topic of almost daily national debate. Businesses, consumers, employers, labor unions, law enforcement offi cers, higher education offi cials, and not to mention immigrants themselves, all have something at stake in immigration policy reform. All of the recent discussion of immigration policy at the national level makes it easy to forget that signifi cant changes have already been made in immigration policy at the state level, many of which will likely affect the policy discourse and the nature of any policy changes at the national level. As the nation considers how to move forward with immigration policy reform, we should fi rst understand how we got to this point. What has shaped immigration policy changes at the state level in the last decade? 2. Using an analysis of all 50 states, James Monogan, a political scientist at the University of Georgia, fi nds that immigration policy is affected most by legislative professionalism, electoral ideology, state wealth, and change in the foreignborn population. Specifi cally, the more professional a legislature is, the more likely they are to enact welcoming laws toward immigrants, which Monogan suggests is likely because career politicians in these legislatures are more concerned with their future electoral prospects than those in less professional legislatures. In other words, state legislators are mindful of how opponents could garner votes in the next election and they consider this when voting on immigration policy. Not surprisingly, states with a more liberal electorate are more likely to take a welcoming stance on immigration policy, suggesting that policy makers are somewhat responsive to public opinion. Economics and demographics also play a role, as states with a higher per capita gross state product tend to pass more welcoming laws towards immigrants while states experiencing an increase in the foreign-born population tend to pass policies that are more hostile towards immigrants. 3. These results are quite interesting as they suggest that immigration policy is a function of the professional nature of a state’s legislature, public opinion in the state, overall state economic conditions, and state demographics. Monogan’s results offer a clear picture of how states have chosen to make changes to immigration policy over the last decade in the face of federal inaction. (Source: Jennifer Connolly, in Journal of Public Policy, May 20th, 2013, adapted
 Regarding the language underlined in the text, it can be said that 

Um órgão da Prefeitura de Salvador pretende aplicar uma política de valorização de pessoal, utilizando, como base, resultados de avaliações de desempenho.

Para isso, será utilizado um método democrático em que o chefe e o subordinado decidem, em conjunto, quais serão os resultados visados e os recursos necessários.

Esse método é conhecido como